Nhevedzwa dzeMvura
Nhevedzwa dzemvura chidzidzo chinotsanangudza mafambiro emvura pavhu, pasi pevhu uye mudenga munoumbwa makore. Mvura inosanduka kubva pakuva mazaya, mutuvi uye mupfunga panhambo dzakasiyana dzenhevedzwa dzemvura. Mvura inofamba munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzainoungana dzinoti: gungwa, nyanza, nzizi, mhepo. Izvi zvinoitika kuburikidza nezviitiko zvinoti: kunaya, kuyerera pavhu; kumimina nemuvhu; kusasauka ichienda mumhepo; kubundira mumakore; kuverereka kupinda mumhepo ichibva pamazinga echando; zvichingodaro
Rondedzero
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Mvura iri mugungwa, nyanza, nenzizi inosasauka kupinda mumhepo kuburukidza nekupisa kwezuva. Kunyika dzinotonhora, mupfunga wemvura unoverereka (sublimation) kubva pasinowo , nemamazaya (ice) chichipinda mumhepo. Michero inosaukaziya, izvi zvichireva mvura inobuda kubva pamuchero ichipinda mumhepo. Kusumuka kwemweya unopisa kubva padunhu kunosimudzawo mupfunga wemvura kuenda kumakore kunova kunotonhorera. Kutonhora kuri mudenga kunokonzera kuti chapfunga chemvura chibundire kuita madonhwe emvura anoumba makore. Mhepo iri mudenga inotakura mvura iya yabundira zvichiita kuti madonhwe akawanda emvura asangane nekuumbana kuita makore. Imwe mvura iri mumakore inoturuka kuburikidza nekunaya kwesinowo kana chivhuramahwe; iyi mvura inokwanisa kuchengetwa kwemakore iri sinowo kana magodo munzvimbo dzinotonhora. Imwe sinowo inonyauka mumwaka wekupisa. Mvura zhinji inoturuka, inonaya pamusoro pegungwa. Mvura inonaya padunhu inoyerera ichienda munzizi, nyanza, negungwa mainochengetedzwa. Kune chikamu chemvura inonaya padunhu chinopinda muvhu mainochenetedzwa tichizoinwa kubva mumatsime nezvibhorani. Imwe yemvura yepasi iyi inomimina nemuvhu ichinopinda pakaungana mvura munzizi, nyanza, negungwa; imwe mvura inotubuka ichibuda muvhu sechisipiti.
Tsananguro yemashoko
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Kusasauka (Evaporation)- uku kushanduka kwemvura kubva pakuva mutuvi (liquid) ichisasauka kuita mupfunga wemvura (vapour,gas). Mvura inosasauka kubva munzvimbo dzayakaungana senzizi, nyanza, negungwa. Mvura inosasauka kuburikidza nekupisa kwezuva. Vamwe vatauri vanoti kukwaika kwemvura.
Kubundira (Condensation)- uku kushanduka kwemupfunga wemvura (water vapour) uchiva madonhwe emvura anoungana kuita makore nemhute. Zvakakosha kuti tinonesane kuti mupfunga wemvura unobundirawo zvakare kuita magodo pasina kuita mutuvi; izvi zvinoitika kunyika dzinotonhora panguva imwe chete inoverereka magodo echando kuita mupfunga wemvura. Naizvozvo misandu miviri inoti mutuvi negodo inonzi misandu yakabundira - condensed phases.
Kuverereka (Sublimation) - iri izwi rinoreva kushanduka kubva pakuva magodo echando kuenda pakuva mupfunga wemvura.
Kusaukaziya (Evapotranspiration)- iri izwi rashandiswa kududzira kutaika kwemvura ichibva pamichero kuenda pakuva mupfunga wemvura.
Mvura Inoyerera Pavhu (Run-off) - iyi imvura inoyerera pamusoro pevhu uye magoronga nenzizi. Imwe mvura inenge yayerera pavhu: inopinda muvhu, imwe yosasauka kupinda mumhepo, zhinji ichizopedzesera yachengetedzwa munyanza, nzizi negungwa.
Mvura Yemuvhu (Groundwater)- iyi imvura inosinina kana kunwirira ichipinda muvhu imwe ichigara muzvipakwa zvemvura (aquifers) zvinowanikwa pakati pehwendefa dzemabwe asingatendere mvura kupfuura. Imwe yemvura inoyerera nemuvhu inotubuka sezvisipiti imwe ichipedzesera yasinina nemuvhu kusvika kugungwa. Mvura inoyerera pamusoro nepasi pevhu inokonzerwa kudaro negunganidzo (gravity), uye nemutsindo (pressure) unosunda mvura kuti igadzikane iri muvhu .
Gungwa (Sea, Ocean) - iri izwi rinoreva nzvimbo dzakakurusa dzinochengeta mvura yakawanda ine munyu. Magungwa makuru anosanganisira Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, neAtlantic Ocean.
Nyanza (Lakes) - iri zita rapiwa kureva madziva akanyanya kukura anowanikwa padunhu anenge Lake Malawi, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika. Nyanza inenge iri mvura yakaungana pasina kuvakirwa dhamu; izvi zvinosiyana neKariba Dam rakavakwa nevanhu. Zita iri rasiyanisa nekutaura kwemazuva ose kunoti nyanza negungwa zvimwechete. Zita iri riri kutoredzera pamutauro weChewa unoti Lake Malawi inonzi Nyanja - pano pavandudzwa kuti zviende kuChiShona. Nyanza yakakura zvakanyanya kudarika dziva
Kupeperutsa mupfunga wemvura (Advection) - zvakakosha kuti tizive kuti dai pasina mhepo inosunda mvura inosasauka kubva mugungwa, mvura iyoyi ingadai isinganaye padunhu asi yainaya kugungwa kwakare. Nokuda kwemhepo, mvura zhinji inosasauka kugungwa inopeperutswa ichizonaya padunhu. Iyi inovawo nzira yekuchenesa mvura iri mugungwa kuti inaye padunhu isisina kusvipiswa nemunyu wegungwa. Chiitiko ichi chinotaurwa muBhaibheri bhuku raAmos 9:6 apo panonzi Jehovha unodana mvura yegungwa achiinaisa panyika.
Jezi (run-off in, a flood) zvinoreva mvura inoyerera pamusoro pevhu mushure mokunge kwanaya.
Mvura inenge yabundira iri mudenga inoturuka kubva mudenga nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mudunhu reAfrica kuturuka kuzhinji kwemvura tinokuona kuburikidza nekunaya kwemadonhwe emvura. Kuturuka kwemvura kunoitikawo nenzira dzinoti sinowo, mhute, chivhuramabwe nedzimwe mhando dzinoonekwa kunyika dzinotonhora.
Kunaya kwemvura - uku ndiko kunaya kwemadonhwe emvura inonaya padunhu zvose nepagungwa; chikamu chizhinji chemvura chinonaya padunhu. Iyi ndiyo mhando yekuturuka kwemvura kwatinoona kazhinji muAfrica.
Sinowo (Snow)- sinowo inoturuka munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya. Kazhinji sinowo inoturuka kana kuri kutonhora zviri pa 0o celsius zvichidzika, panova ndipo panogwamba mvura kuita magodo echando. Sinowo zhinji inonaya kunyika dzinotonhora dziri kuEurope, Asia, neNorth America. Mazaya echando anowanikwawo munzvimbo dzakakwirira zvakanyanya segomo reKilimanjaro kuKenya nekumakomo makuru ari kuChile kuSouth America.
Chivhuramabwe (Hailstorm) - iyi imvura inoturuka ichidonhedza tumagodo twemvura yakabundira nechando. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo chivhuramabwe chinoparadza zvirimwa chichiparura mashizha ezvirimwa.
Kuchengetedzwa kwemvura muZimbabwe
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Munyika yeZimbabwe bazi reZINWA ndiro rakapiwa hudaviri nehugabe pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwemvura iri munzizi, madhamu, uye iri muvhu. Vanochera zvimborani vanotora mvura imwecheteyo inosininina kupinda munzizi nemumadhamu; nokudaro ZINWA ine chinangwa chokuchengetedza mvura dzose nokuti pakupedzisira kwazvo imvura imweyo.
Nhevedzwa dzeMvura muBhaibheri
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Bhaibheri rine ndima dzinotaura pamusoro peNhevedzwa dzeMvura dzinotionesa kuti vanyori veBhaibheri vakanga vane ruzivo pamusoro pechiitiko ichi.
- Ndima iri muBhuku raAmos 9:6 inotaura kuti Jehovha unodana mvura yegungwa achiidira pavhu.
- Ecclesiastes 1:7 inotaura sezvizvi: "Nzizi dzose dzinodira mugungwa asi gungwa harizari; panzvimbo padzinobva nzizi ipapo mvura inodzokerazve".
Kurerutsa Mutauro
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]- Kunwirira (Absorb).
- Kusininika (seep) apa kureva kusinina kwemvura ichidarika muvhu kana mabwe anotendera kuti mvura ipfuure maari.