Azote

Azote chiedza che Azote Malotlopi: tarisai chikamu chemalotlopi eAzote Ratidziko: gasi isina ruvara, mutuvi, godo Uremu we hatomu Ar°(N): [14.00643, 14.00728] 14.007±0.001 (abridged) Azote muTafura ye Nhangande Numeri ye hatomu (Z) 7 Boka: boku 15 (pnictogens) Piriyodhi: piriyodhi 2 Bhuroku: bhuroku-p Jenganiso ye mhodzgetsi: [He] 2s2 2p3 Mhodzigetsi pa goko: 2, 5 Mutumbi we Miriki Fezi pa STP: gas Poyindi yekunyauka: (N2) 63.23 K ​ (−209.86 °C, ​−345.75 °F) Poyindi yekufanza: (N2) 77.355 K ​ (−195.795 °C, ​−320.431 °F) Dhensiti (pa STP) 1.2506 g/L at 0 °C, 1013 mbar Semutuvi (pa b.p.) 0.808 g/cm3 Poyindi itatu: 63.151 K, ​12.52 kPa Poyindi iri critical: 126.21 K, 3.39 MPa Dziya yekunyenguka: (N2) 0.72 kJ/mol Kudziya kwekupfunga: (N2) 5.57 kJ/mol Capasity ye kudzaya kuri-molar: (N2) 29.124 J/(mol·K) Puresha ye mupfunga: P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 37 41 46 53 62 77 Miriki ye Hatomu Umiriro ye Rututsiro: −3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5 (i-oxide ine nyong'o yakasimba) Uhwaradadahwegetsi: (Electronegativity) Pauling scale: 3.04 Ito (eneji) yekunonda: 1st: 1402.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 2856 kJ/mol 3rd: 4578.1 kJ/mol (more) Rhedhiyasi ye Gombedzwana: 71±1 pm Rhedhiyasi ye Vhandewaarusi: 155 pm Mitsara unangazire we Azote (Spectral lines e azote) Dzimwe Miriki Chiitiko murusikwa: primordial Strakcha ye kistaro: hexagonal Spidhi ye ruzha: 353 m/s (gas, at 27 °C) Thermal conductivity: 25.83×10−3 W/(m⋅K) Raya re magineti: huguramagineti Numeri ya CAS: 17778-88-0 7727-37-9 (N2) Nhoroondo Kuvhumburwa: Daniel Rutherford (1772) Yakatumidzwa na: Jean-Antoine Chaptal (1790)

Enzanhara huru ye Azote Enzanhara Uzhinji Chidimbu-Upenyu (t1/2) Modhi ye bvurunuro Prodhakti 13N syn 9.965 min ε 13C 14N 99.6% stable 15N 0.4% stable

Azote (kuChingezi: nitrogen, Chishongrish: nitrojeni) kana nito, ndiyo nhangande yechemishonga ine chiratidzo N uye numeri ye hatomu 7. Azote i-sinasimbi uye ndiyo simbi yakareruka kwazvo muboka 15 re rupotera re nhangande, inowanzonzi masikanito (kureva nictogens). Ndiro nhangande rinonyanyo wanikwa murudunhumwe, rinofungidzirwa kuvapachinomwe pakuwanda muGwararezhou ne Mutandiro we Mushana. Pahujoto ne puresha, pane mahatomu maviri aro anobatana kuumba N₂, idhihatomu gasi isinaruvara uye isinahwema. N₂ inoumba 78% yehuwandu ye guteromweya ye Rinopasi, ndiyo nhangane isina kukumbanidzwa. Azote inowanikwa muzvisikwa zvese, kunyanya munyong'o-amino (uye nekudaro mapurotini), mune nyong'o yechinyukliya (DNA neRNA) uye mune simba rekufambisa molecule adenosine triphosphate. Mwiri wemunhu une 3% azote nekuwanda, ye china yakanyanya kuwanda mumwiri mushure meufemo (okisijeni), kabhoni, uye sikamadzi (hidhirojeni). Iyo nhevedzwa (sayiko) re azote rinotsanangura kufamba kwechinhu kubva kumhepo, kupinda mugutebenyu (bhiosfiya) uye makombaundi echioganika, zvino kudzokera muguteromweya.

Mishonga mizhinji yakakosha muhushangazhi, senge amoniya, nyong'o ye nitiri, azoteri yechioganika (propellants uye zviputitswa), uye masiyanidhi (cyanides) ane azote. Bhondi-tatu rakanyanya kusimba munhangande azote (N≡N), bhondi riripachinzvimbo chechipiri pakusimba muchero madhihatomu morekuri mushure me Kabhoni Monokusaidhi (CO), inotonga chemishonga che azoteri. Izvi zvinokonzeresa kuomerwa kwezvose zvipenyu uye indasitiri mukushandura N2 kuita makomisheni anobatsira, asi panguva imwecheteyo zvinoreva kuti kupisa, kuputika, kana kuora nitrogen makomisheni kuita gasi renitrogen rinoburitsa huwandu hukuru hwesimba rinowanzo batsira. Synthetically inogadzirwa ammonia uye azoteri (nitrate) ndiwo akakosha mafetereza emaindasitiri, uye fetireza nitrate ndiwo akanyanya kusvibisa mu eutrophication yemvura masisitimu.

Yakatanga kuwanikwa uye yakaparadzaniswa nachiremba wokuSkotilendi (Vuskoti) Daniel Rutherford muna 1772. Kunyange zvazvo Carl Wilhelm Scheele na Henry Cavendish vakanga vazviita vakazvimirira panenge panguva imwe cheteyo, Rutherford anowanzopiwa mbiri nemhaka yokuti basa rake rakatanga kubudiswa. Zita rekuti nitrogène rakataurwa nemuongorori wemakemikari wekuFuranzi Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal muna 1790 pakaonekwa kuti azote yaive munyong'o ye nitiri ne azoteri. Antoine Lavoisier akakurudzira panzvimbo pezita rokuti nitrogen, kubva muChigiriki chekare: ἀζωτικός "hapana hupenyu", sezvo iri gasi rinopisa; Iri zita rinoshandiswa mumitauro yakati wandei, kusanganisira Chifurenji, Chiitari, Chirhashiya, Chiromania, Chiputukezi ne Chituruki, uye rinowanikwa mumazita eChingezi emamwe macompound e azote akadai se hidhirazi, maazidha (azides) uye makompaundi e azo.

Kunze kwekushandiswa kwayo mumafetiraiza uye zvitoro zvine simba, azoter inhengo yezvakagadzirwa zviri hoganiki zvakasiyana-siyana seKevlar inoshandiswa mumucheka wepamusoro-simba uye cyanoacrylate inoshandiswa mu superglue. Azote inhengo yekirasi yese yemishonga yemishonga, kusanganisira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Mishonga mizhinji inotevedzera kana maprodrugs echisikigo nitrogen-ine masaini mamorekuru: semuenzaniso, iyo organic nitrates nitroglycerin uye nitroprusside inodzora BP nekuisa munitiriki okusaidhi. Mazhinji zvinodhaka ane nitrogen, akadai seakasikwa caffeine uye morphine kana synthetic amphetamines, anoita pama receptors emhuka neurotransmitters.

Zita

Unenashoko

Zita iri rinowanikwa ku Chistandadhi Shona, hariko kuChishona chakadzama saka rinogona kunge richibva kuChiputukezi kunyangwe zvisina kugwarwa paDuramazwi reVashona. MuChiputukezi iyo nitrojeni inonzi azoto kana azote.

Zita rokuti sikanito ririkubva pachirevo cheChingezi, nitrogen kana rikapatsanurwa shoko rokuti nitro ndiro "nito" muChishona uye chivakamberi -gen zvinoreva kuti "sika; umba; gadzirwa ne-". Sika shoko rokuti nitrogen ndiro sikanito kana umbanito.

Chibanthu

Mazita renhangande zhinji haawanikwi kumitauro yakawanda yeChibantu. Chiswahiri pachinoshaya mazwi rinotora kubva kuChiarabhu nokuti kubva kudhara wakambo tora mazwi kubva kumutaura wacho. Mitauro zhinji yekuMabvazuva kwe Afurika inotodza Chiswahiri saka inowanzo tora wo mazita ezvinhu kubva kuChiswahiri nokuti chinotaurwa vanhu hobho.

• Chiswahiri chinoti: Nitrojeni kutodza Chingezi.
• KuChindevele, Chizulu ne Chixhosa inonzi: I-Nitrogeni
• Chingala chinoti: Azoti
• Chivhenda chinoti: naiṱhrodzheni
• Chitsonga choti wo: nayitirojeni

Mazwi ashandiswa

• kistaro - kureva crystal, kana zita reChishona richizivikwa ngariiswe.
• kupfunga - vaporisation

• murasha - kureva Kabhoni zvichienderera nechirevo chezita kumutauro warakabva.
• Sinasimbi (non-metal)
• Sinausimbi (non-metallic)
• Huguramagineti (diamagnetic) Guramagineti (diamagnet) Gura (dia-)
• Miriki (property) kubva pashoko reChiswahiri, kana reChishona rikazivikwa ngariiswe pamusoro peiri.
• Mutumbi (physical)
• Pwasoni (Poisson)
• murusikwa (natural/naturally) - kureva sozvazvakasikwa, umurusikwa (in it's created state/natural)
• malotlopi - allotropes