Isaac Newton
VaSir Isaac Newton (4 Ndira 1643 – 31 Kurume 1727) vaiva scientist nephilosopher vane mukurumbira vaibva kuEngland.
Zviitwa zvikuru
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Muchidzidzo chemasvomhu, vaNewton vakawedzera zvikuru, ruzivo rwedu rwemasvomhu. Nharaunda dzavakabetsera kuwedzera ruzivo dzinosanganisira zvese mukubva mukarikurasi (calculus), pimanzvimbo nealgebra. Pamwe chete naGottfried Wilhelm Leibni zvakabatsira kuumba ruzivo rwedu rwekarikurasi - nyangwe vakashanda vakazvimiririra. Muchidzidzo chefundoyetsimba, vaNewton vakawanikidza kuti chiedza chichena hachisi cheruvara rimwe asi chakagadzirwa nemavara avakapa zita rekuti ma"primary colours" (mavara ekutanga). "Experimentum crucis" yavo inehumbowo hwedudzirazivo (theory) yavo yekugadzirwa kwechiedza murutsaudzo runoitika kana chiedza chichipfuura nemuzhumwi.
Mukudzidza kwekukuhamba (motion), mabhuku aNewton, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica", akakosha zvikuru mufundoyetsimba yanhasi. Bhuku rekutanga mumabhuku acho rinopa uye rinotsanangura Mitemo yeruhambo yaNewton (motion) inganyorwa sezvizvi:
- Mutemo wekutanga: Pachinge pasina fosi rokunze rinomutsisa, mitumbi yose inoramba iri pakuzorora, kana pakuhamba kusingashanduke ichitevedza gwara rakatwasuka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutumbi wakazorora unoramba wakazorora kusvika wamutswa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Zvakare mutumbi uri kuhamba unoramba uri kuhamba nespidhi imwechete uye rudzivo rusingashanduke kusvika apo unotekenyewa nefosi rokunze risina rimwe fosi rinorigadadza. Uyu mutemo unodanwazve kuti mutemo wechinepfu.
- Mitemo wechipiri: Apo mutumbi unohamba, rufangu rwawo a rwunotevedza rudzivo rwakati sambamba nefosi riri kutekenya; rufangu nefosi zvine rupandavaro rwakadondeka uye rufangu nehuremu zvine rupandavaro rwakakondeka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rufangu rwunokwira panokwira fosi uye rufangu rwunodzika panokwira huremu. Mutemo wechipiri uyu unonyorwa netsazaniso inotevera F = m.a
- Mutemo wechitatu: Pose pane fosi inopinga panoita fosi inopingura; mafosi maviri aya akaenzana uye akadzivana. Pose pane chinobinga panoita chinopingura; mafosi maviri aya akaenzana uye akadzivana.
Kurerutsa Mutauro
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]- Fosi inopinga ndiyo inonzi acting force kuEnglish kureva racho fosi ratanga kusunda kana kuzvuva.
- Fosi inopingura ndiyo inonzi reactive force kuEnglish kureva fosi rinopikisana nefosi ratanga kumutsa rinosunda kana kuzvuva.