Gonyonhatu

Muchidzidzo chePimanyika, gonyonhatu chiumbwa chine mativi matatu nemagonyo matatu. gonyonhatu chiumbwa chiri pamupanda wegonyozhinji. gonyonhatu rine mikwava A, B, C rinonyorwa sezvizvi, ΔABC.

Mhando dzegonyonhatu

Muchikamu chino tichataura pamusoro pemarudzi egonyonhatu; mhando dzegonyonhatu dzinotumidzwa mazita zvichienderana nekupimwa kwemativi uye magonyo ari pakati paro.

• Kune gonyonhatu tsazakose (equilateral triangle) - iri rine mativi ose akaenza uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakaenzana.
• Kune gonyonhatu mutseyekwa (scalene triangle) - iri rine mativi ose ane nhambwe dzakasiyana uye gonyo nhatu dzose dzakasiyana. Hazvinei gonyonhatu mutseyekwa agara nedivi ripi anotaridzika seanorerekera (kana kuwandira) kune rimwe divi nguva dzose.
• Kune gonyonhatu tsazamaviri (isosceles triangle) - iri rine mativi maviri akaenzana, negonyo mbiri dzakaenzana.

Kunoitawo gonyonhatu yemutwi (right-angled triangle) - iyi ine mativi maviri anosvika pamukwava une gonyo re 90^o.

Nharaunda yegonyonhatu

Nharaunda yegonyonhatu runonyorwa netsazaniso inoti:

Nharaunda = 1/2(b.h)

Patsazaniso iri, b, anomirira hwaro hwegonyonhatu; h achimirira hudzamu. Panotsvakwa nharaunda, tinogona kusarudza divi ripi zvaro kuti rive hwaro. Kana tadaro, hudzamu hunenge hwave nhambwe yemutwi unobva pagonyo rakatarisana nehwaro uchinobata pahwaro hwegonyonhatu.

Rheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu

Ichi chidzidzo chononzi trigonometric ratio kuEnglish. Chidzidzo chino chinotaura pamusoro pehukama huripo pakati penhambwe dziri pamativi nemagonyo egonyonhatu. Chikamu ichi tinoshanda negonyonhatu yemutwi tichidzidza nezve rheshiyo dzinoti tangent, sine uye cosine. Rheshiyo idzi dzinoshandiswa kuti tizive mativi uye magonyo ane hukuru hunenge husinga zivikanwe.

Kuti tipinde muchidzidzo cheRheshiyo dzePimagonyonhatu tinotanga tadudza mazita anopiwa kumativi egonyonhatu. Mativi matatu anopiwa mazita zvichibva pakuti tiri kushanda negonyo ripi regonyonhatu.

• Divi rakabatana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi divi remuny'asi (adjacent kuEnglish),
• Divi rakatarisana negonyo ratiri kushanda naro rinonzi darisanwa (opposite kuEnglish) ; iri divi rakaita mutwi nehwaro.
• Divi guru rine nhambwe yakareba kupfura mamwe rinonzi muzendami (hypotenuse) nokuti rinoita sokunge rakazendamiswa rakatsigirwa kuhwaro nedarisanwa.

Sine yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedarisanwa nemuzendami. Sine ine tsazaniso inoti:

Sine = darisanwa/muzendami

Cosine yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedivi remuny'asi nemuzendami. Cosine ine tsazaniso inoti:

Cosine = divi remuny'asi/muzendami

Tangent yegonyo iRheshiyo yenhambwe dzedarisanwa nedivi remuny'asi. Tangent ine tsazaniso inoti:

Tangent = darisanwa/divi remuny'asi

Mitauro yeBantu

• Nsenga vanoti paka (v. be adjacent; adjoin) kureva kupakana. Fananidzai nokuti mupaka.
• Luwanga vanoti mulwalo (adv. underneath; below; mulwalo we imesa 'under the table').
• Lubwisi vanoti busaghikilo (n. Basis).