Kuponiwa

Kubva Wikipedia
Kuponiwa
Tsanangudzo uye kumwe kunowanika mashoko
Kuponiwa
Kuponiwa (Cameroon).

Kuzvara, uko kunonziwo kusununguka kana kubereka, ndiyo mhedzisiro yenhumbu zvichibva pakuti mwana kana kuti vana vanenge vabuda muchibereko chamai.[1] Muna 2015 kuzvara kunokwana mamiriyoni 135 kwakaitika pasi rose.[2] Vanenge mamiriyoni 15 vakaberekwa mavhiki 37 enhumbu asati akwana,[3] ukuwo vari pakati pe3 kusvika 12% vakaberekwa pashure pemavhiki 42.[4] Munyika dzakabudirira vana vakawanda vanozvarirwa muzvipatara,[5][6] nepo munyika dzichiri kubudurira vana vakawanda vanozvarirwa kumba paine rubatsiro rwanyamukuta.[7]

Vana vakawanda vanozvarwa vachiita zvekubuda nekusikarudzi.[8] Izvi zvinoitika mumatanho matatu: anoti kupfupika uye kuvhurika kwemuromo wechibereko, kudzika uye kuzvarwa kwemwana, kwozouya kusundirwa panze kwerukuvhute.[9] Danho rekutanga rinowanzotora maawa 12 kusvika ku19, danho rechipiri maminitsi 20 kusvika kumaawa maviri, uye danho rechitatu maminitsi mashanu kusvika ku30.[10] Danho rekutanga rinotanga nekukaka nechemudumbu kana kurwadziwa kumusana kwenguva inokwana hafu yeminiti asi kuchiitika pamaminitsi 10 kusvika 30 ega ega.[9] Marwadzo ekukaka anoramba achiwedzera uye nguva yaanombomira kuitika inoramba ichishomeka nekufamba kwenguva.[10] Mudanho rechipiri munogona kuitika kusungika kunoparira kuti mwana atange kusundwa.[10] Mudanho rechitatu kunonoka kusunga rukuvhute zvinokurudzirwa chaizvo.[11] Pane zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza marwadzo zvakadai sekubatsira kuti munhu anzwe akazorora, mishonga inonzi maopioid, uyewo mishonga inokonzera chiveve.[10]

Vana vakawanda vanotanga kubudisa musoro; zvisinei vanokwana 4% vanotanga nemakumbo kana garo izvo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa sebreech.[10][12] Munguva yemarwadzo ekubereka mukadzi anogona hake kudya uye kufamba famba madiro, kusunda mwana hakukurudzirwi mudanho rekutanga kana panguva yekuti musoro uri kubuda, uye hazvikurudzirwi kuiswa enema.[13] Nepo zvekucheka muromo wesikarudzi zvichiitwa chaizvo, uye zvichizivikanwa nezita rekuti episiotomy, kakawanda hapana chikonzero chekuzviita.[10] Muna 2012, kuzvara kunokwana mamiriyoni 23 kwakashandisirwa oparesheni inozivikanwa nekuti Caesarean section.[14] Oparesheni yeCaesarean section inogona kunzi iitwe kana ari manyambiri, zvaoneka kuti mwana ava kukanganiswa, kana kuti aita breech.[10] Zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti munhu apore pamazvariro aya.[10]

Gore negore matambudziko ane chekuita nenhumbu uye kuzvara anokonzera madzimai 500 000 kufa nepamuviri, vanokwana mamiriyoni 7 vanoita matambudziko akanyanya uye enguva refu, uye mamiriyoni 50 vanotanga matambudziko eutano anokonzerwa nekuzvara.[15] Kakawanda izvi zvinoitika munyika dzichiri kubudirira.[15] Matambudziko acho anosanganisira kuvharidzirwa kwenzira inobuda nemwana, kuramba ropa richibuda pashure pekuberekwa kwemwana, pfari, uye kupinda kweutachiona munzira inobuda nemwana pashure pekuberekwa kwemwana.[15] Matambudziko anosangana nemwana anosanganisira kushaya mhepo yokufema pakuberekwa.[16]

Kunowanika mamwe mashoko[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

  1. Martin, Elizabeth. Concise Colour Medical Dictionary (in English). Oxford University Press. p. 375. ISBN 9780199687992. 
  2. "The World Factbook". www.cia.gov. July 11, 2016. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2016. 
  3. "Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363". WHO. November 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2016. 
  4. Buck, Germaine M.; Platt, Robert W. (2011). Reproductive and perinatal epidemiology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 9780199857746. 
  5. Co-Operation, Organisation for Economic; Development (2009). Doing better for children. Paris: OECD. p. 105. ISBN 9789264059344. 
  6. Olsen, O; Clausen, JA (12 September 2012). "Planned hospital birth versus planned home birth.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (9): CD000352. PMID 22972043. 
  7. Fossard, Esta de; Bailey, Michael (2016). Communication for Behavior Change: Volume lll: Using Entertainment–Education for Distance Education. SAGE Publications India. ISBN 9789351507581. Retrieved 31 July 2016. 
  8. Memon, HU; Handa, VL (May 2013). "Vaginal childbirth and pelvic floor disorders.". Women's health (London, England) 9 (3): 265–77; quiz 276–7. PMID 23638782. 
  9. 9.0 9.1 "Birth". The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (6 ed.). Columbia University Press. 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-30 from Encyclopedia.com. 
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 "Pregnancy Labor and Birth". Women's Health. September 27, 2010. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 31 July 2016. 
  11. McDonald, SJ; Middleton, P; Dowswell, T; Morris, PS (11 July 2013). "Effect of timing of umbilical cord clamping of term infants on maternal and neonatal outcomes.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (7): CD004074. PMID 23843134. 
  12. Hofmeyr, GJ; Hannah, M; Lawrie, TA (21 July 2015). "Planned caesarean section for term breech delivery.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews (7): CD000166. PMID 26196961. 
  13. Childbirth: Labour, Delivery and Immediate Postpartum Care (in English). World Health Organization. 2015. p. Chapter D. ISBN 978-92-4-154935-6. Retrieved 31 July 2016. 
  14. Molina, G; Weiser, TG; Lipsitz, SR; Esquivel, MM; Uribe-Leitz, T; Azad, T; Shah, N; Semrau, K; Berry, WR; Gawande, AA; Haynes, AB (1 December 2015). "Relationship Between Cesarean Delivery Rate and Maternal and Neonatal Mortality". JAMA 314 (21): 2263–70. PMID 26624825. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15553. 
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 Education material for teachers of midwifery : midwifery education modules (2nd ed.). Geneva [Switzerland]: World Health Organisation. 2008. p. 3. ISBN 978-92-4-154666-9. 
  16. Martin, Richard J.; Fanaroff, Avroy A.; Walsh, Michele C. Fanaroff and Martin's Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine: Diseases of the Fetus and Infant (in English). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 116. ISBN 9780323295376.