Muravanembiri
Muchidzidzo masvomhu, muravanembiri (binary numeral system in English) zvinoreva tsika yokuverenga nokunyora nhamba kuchishandiswa nhamba mbiri sehwaro hwekuverenga nhamba. Apa kunenge kuchishandiswa 0 na 1 chete. Kuverenga nhamba nenzira iyi kunoshandiswa kuma computer. Nokumwe kutaura tsika inoshandiswa pamuravanembiri ingadzi rumbiridzira, kana toshandura kuEnglish zvoreva kuti – ‘’following twos or by way of two’’.
Kuverenga paMuravanembiri
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Kuverenga nhamba paMuravanembiri kunoitwa nenzira yakafanana nokuverenga nhamba paMuravanegumi. Tichitanga nevara rokutanga mavara anorongwa nenzira inoenderana nokukwira kwehuwandu. Kana pari paMuravanegumi panoshandiswa nhamba gumi dzinoti 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9; zvino paMuravanembiri panoshandiswa nhamba mbiri dzinoti 0, 1.
Kana mavara apedza ese pachinzvimbo chokutanga chiri kurudyi, nhamba iri kuruboshwe inobva yakwidzwa, kuverengwa kwovambazve pana 0 pachinzvimbo chokutanga chiri kurudyi. Somuenzaniso pamuravanegumi kuverenga kunofamba sezvinotevera:
- 000, 001, 002, ... 007, 008, 009, (kana 9 asvika nhamba iri kumucheto kurudyi inovambazve pana 0, nhamba iri pedo kuruboshwe yokwidzwa kuenda pana 1)
- 010, 011, 012, ...
- ...
- 090, 091, 092, ... 097, 098, 099, (kana 99 asvika nhamba mbiri kumucheto kurudyi dzinovambazve pana 0, nhamba iri pedo kuruboshwe yokwidzwa kuenda pana 1)
- 100, 101, 102, ...
Kana nhamba yasvika 9, danho rinotevera kuti chinzvimbo ichocho chivambe pana 0, nhamba iri pedo kuruboshwe yokwidzwa kuva 1. PaMuravanembiri panoverengwa nenzira yakafana asi kuchishandiswa mavara maviri 0 na 1. Saka kana chinzvimbo chakana kusvika pana 1, panova nokuvambazve kuenda pana 0, uye chinzvimbo chiri kuruboshwe chinokwidza kuenda pana 1 sezvinotevera:
- 0000,
- 0001, (chinzvimbo chiri kumucheto kurudyi chinovamba pana 0, chinotevera kuruboshwe chokwidzwa)
- 0010, 0011, (zvinzvimbo zviviri kumucheto kurudyi zvinovamba pana 0, chinotevera kuruboshwe chokwidzwa)
- 0100, 0101, 0110, 0111, (zvinzvimbo zvitatu kumucheto kurudyi chinovamba pana 0, chinotevera kuruboshwe chokwidzwa)
- 1000, 1001, ...
PaMuravanembiri, chinzvimbo choga-choga chinomirira muradanuro wa 2 nepawa rinokwira zvichibva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Kumucheto kurudyi kuna 20, panotevera kuruboshwe pana 21, kwotevera 22, zvichingodaro.
Kushandura Muravanembiri kuva Muravanegumi
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Matanho anoitwa kuti nhamba iri kuMuravanembiri ishandurwe kuenda kumuravanembiri ndeaya:
a. Tsamanisa nhamba dziri pamuravanembiri nedanho ra 2 riri panhamba imwe neimwe.
b. Chepiri wedzanisa zvitsama izvi zvawawana pamusoro.
Somuenzaniso ngatishandure 10112 kuenda kuhwaro hwa 10. Vara 2 rakanyorwa pasi pa 1011 rinopangidza hwaro 2. Saka nzira inotevedzwa sekutsanangura kuri pamusoro ndeiyi:
1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
1 + 2 + 0 + 8 = 11
Naizvozvo tinoti 10112 = 1110.
Kushandura Muravanegumi kuva Muravanembiri
[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]Ngatitevedzei muenzaniso wekushandura 59 yehwaro 10 kuenda kuhwaro 2.
1. Nyora pasi mapawa a 2, ari pasi pa 59 sezvizvi 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. Danho rinotevera ndi 64 rakakura kupfuura 59, saka rasiiwa.
2. Gova 59 na 32 anova ndiye pawa ra 2 rakanyanya kukura riri pasi pa 59. Nyora pasi kuti 32 anopinda kangani zvizere muna 59. Tinoona anopinda kamwe (1) nemusarirwa 59 - 32 = 27.
3. Tora musarirwa 27 wogova nepawa wa 2 rinotevera rinova 16: 27/16 = 1 sare 11.
4. Tora musarirwa 11 wogova nepawa ra 2 rinotevera rinova 8: 11/8 = 1 sare 3.
5. Tora musarirwa 3 wogova nepawa ra 2 rinotevera rinova 4: 3/4 = 0 sare 3.
6. Tora musarirwa 3 wogova nepawa ra 2 rinotevera rinova 2: 3/2 = 1 sare 1.
7. Tora musarirwa 3 wogovanisa nepawa ra 2 rinotevera rinova 1: 1/1 = 1 sare 0.
Saka zvinoreva kuti mhinduro yekushandura 5910 kuenda kumuravanembiri ndi 1110112.
Kuti tibate chokwadi panoda kudzorera nhamba iyi kuMuravanegumbi sezvizvi:
1 x 20 = 1
1 x 21 = 2
0 x 22 = 0
1 x 23 = 8
1 x 24 = 16
1 x 25 = 32
1 + 2 + 0 + 8 + 16 + 32 = 59
Kureva kuti svomhu yashandwa nemazvo.