Maunga huwandu

Mabhegi mana ane marble matatu marbles anotipa marble gumi nembiri.

Muchidzidzo masvomhu maunga huwandu (multiplication in English) enhamba mbiri, chiitiko chakafanana nekuunganidza mapoka akawanda zvakaenzana nenhamba yechipiri, boka rimwe nerimwe rine nhengo dzinokwana kuenzana nenhamba yekutanga. Panoitwa maunga huwandu nhamba yekutanga inenge ichiwedzaniswa kanokwana kuenzana nenhamba yechipiri. Asiwo nhamba yechipiri inogona kuva iyo iri kuwedzaniswa kanokwana kuenzana nenhamba yekutanga.

Somuenzaniso, nhatu (3) kuunga ina (4), zvakafanana nokuwedzanisa nhatu (3) kanokwana kana (4):

$3 \times 4 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12.\!\,$

Nokumwe kutaura panganzi zvinhu zvitatu zviri kupetwa kana. Apa tinenge tichivamba kuverenga boka rezvitatu rokutanga kusvika pane boka rechina racho. Saka kuti tirerutse kutaura, paya panonzi kuEnglish, 12 times 10 isu tinokwanisa kuti gumi nembiri kuunga gumi - kureva kudzokorora kuverenga boka rezvinhu gumi nembiri kanokwana kagumi.

Kupiwa kwezita

Shoko rokuti kuunga (collecting, gathering) rinoreva kubatanidza zvinhu pamwe chete. Saka kuunga huwandu pano kunoreva kuunganidza nhamba dzine hukuru husiri kuchinja, hunozivikanwa. Izvi zvoreva kuti nhamba iri pakutanga inogona kuva iyo huwandu, iyo iri pechipiri ndiyo inoverenga kuti pane huwandu hungani huri kuungiwa.

Kujekesa

• Pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro 3 X 4 = 12: apa chaunga chezvinhu gumi nezviviri ndihwo huwandu hunobuda pakuunga nhatu (3) kanokwana kana (4).

• Nemumwe muonero tinogona kuti chaunga chezvinhu gumi nezviviri (12) chinowanikwa pakuti chimwe nechimwe chemapoka mana (4) chaunganidza nhengo nhatu (3).

• Pamuenzaniso uri pamusoro tingati pane mapoka mana (4), rimwe nerimwe rine nhengo nhatu (3) ari kuunganidzwa kanokwana kana (4) achizopa nhengo gumi nembiri.

• Izwi rokuti chaunga riri kushandiswa pano kureva zvinhu zvizhinji zvinonzi multiple kuEnglish.

• Saka pano tinogona kutaura kuti zvinhu gumi nembiri (12) chaunga cha 3 na 4. KuEnglish zvonzi 12 is a multiple of 3 and 4.

• Takatora chero nhamba n, toti n kuunga 0, tinoreva kuti n aunganidzwa kanokwana ka zero saka hapana chiripo. Mhinduro yacho ya n x 0 = 0.

Chiitiko chokuunga huwandu ndicho chinoshandiswa pakuita Tafura yekuunga huwandu - multiplication tables. Somuenzaniso kana shanu ariye nhamba iri kuraviwa nayo tinoti: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45..., zvichingodaro.

Kurerutsa mutauro

Chiratidzo chekuunga huwandu (multiplication sign) ×
(HTML entity is ×)

Zvakafanira kuti pange pachiturikirwa mazwi kubva kuEnglish kuenda kuChishona kuti zvireruke pakutaura masvomhu. Saka mukutaura mazuva ose zvinenge zvamira sezvizvi:

• Multiplication inenge ichinzi maunga huwandu,

• Multiplying yonzi iyo kuunga.

• Multiply 4 by 5 inenge yonzi, unga ina (4) neshanu (5).

• Pakutaura zvizere, four multiplied by 5 kunenge kuchinzi ina kuungashanu.

• Pakutaura muchidimbu, four times five inenge yonzi zvina kuunga shanu.

• Cherechedzai kuti zviri kutaurwa zvakafanana nezvizvi zviri pasi; kubatanidza ana 4 kanokwana kashanu (5):

$4 \times 5 = 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 20.\!\,$

Manyorerwo

Kuunga kunonyanya kunyorwa kuchishandiswa chiratidzo chekuunga huwandu "x" pakati penhamba dziri kuunga. Mhedzisiro yacho inopangidzwa nechiratidzo chekuenzana (equals sign). Somuenzaniso:

$2\times 3 = 6$ (Pakutaura muchidimbu, mbiri (2) kuunga nhatu (3) zvakaenzana na 6)

$3\times 4 = 12$ (Pakutaura zvizere, nhatu (3) kuunga ina zvakaenzana ne gumi nembiri)

$2\times 3\times 5 = 6\times 5 = 30$

$2\times 2\times 2\times 2\times 2 = 32$

Kune manyorero akawanda anoshandiswa pakuunga sezvizvi:

• Kuunga kunopangidzwa nedhoti pakati sezvizvi:

$5 \cdot 2 \quad\text{or}\quad 5\,.\,2$

• Asterisk (seiri apa 5*2) inoshandiswa pacomputer.

• Kana kuri kuAlgebra, kuunga kunopangidzwa kuchinyorwa mavara ari kuungwa ari pedo-nepedo kana nhamba dziri mubhuraketi (e.g. xy kureva x kuunga y kana kuti 5x kureva 5 kuunga x). Manyorero aya anoshandiswa panhamba dzakakombwa nemabhuraketi (e.g. 5(2) or (5)(2) for five times two).