Kusaungana kwevanhu

Kunotangira nyaya

Muzana ramakore rakapfuura takaona denda zhinji dzefuruwenza dzakateerana uye dzakakurumidza kupararira pasi rese.  Huturu hwacho hunobva muhutachiona hwefuruwenza dzemhuka uye dzinotapukira kushiri uye kuvanhu. [I] Nguva nenguva uhwu hutachiona hwemhuka hunoshandurwa kuva hutachiona hwevanhu, hwobva hwatapurwa pakati pevanhu. Hutachiona hunobva kumhuka huchienda kuvanhu hunezita rechirungu rinonzi:’zoonotic’.

Kusaungana kwevanhu (zvakanyatsodanwa ‘physical distancing’ pachirungu, zvinoreva kuti ‘kupatsanirwa kwevanhu muruzhinji’) kwakakosha mukudzivirira uye kune kuderedza kupararira kwefuruwenza nedenda dzinenge COVID-19.  Kufambidzana chaiko kunongoreva kuchengeta nzvimbo huru pakati pako nevamwe vanhu vaunosangana navo munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kana kungozvibvisa munzvimbo dzakadaro pazvinenge zvichikwanisika.  [ii] Dr Jeff Kwong inyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira kubva kuYunivhesiti yeToronto, avo vanopa pfungwa yekuti izwi rekufamba riri panyama rinobata zvakanyatsoita izvo vanhu vanofanira kuita kudzivirira kutapurirana uye hazvireve kuzvitsaura paruzhinji  [iii] Nyanzvi dzakasimbisa zvikuru kukosha kwekubata shamwari nevadikani panguva yedenda.

Kuti tinzwisise basa rekusaungana kwevanhu, tinotanga nekuongorora muenzaniso uri nyore weGraph rakagadzirwa nenyanzvi dzezvirwere rinoratidza huwandu hwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere panguva dzedenda.  Kune ino modhi irinyore, dhata uye makosi ekudzidza kubva kune iro denda reCovid-19 muna 2019 nemuna 2020 rakashandiswa.  Tinotanga nedatha rinobva kuChina, uko denda rakatangira uye tevera kukura kwedenda/denda reCovid-19 muSouth Africa.  Izvi zvinopa hwaro hwekuyedza simba rekusaungana kwevanhu mukudzivirira uye kumisa kupararira kwedenda Covid-19.  Tinopedzisa chinyorwa china nekutarisa nzira dzekunzvenga uye nekukurira zvakaipa zvingakonzerwe nekusaungana kwevanhu.

Graph modhi yedenda / denda [1]

Zvirwere zvinotapukira seCOVID-19 zvinowanzopararira matanho matatu. Aya matanho akafananidzirwa negirafu riri pazasi.

Mufananidzo: 1 Girafu redenda rakashandurwa naToby Morris.  TheSpinoff 9 Match 2020 [iv] (INSERT IMAGE)

Nyanzvi dzezvirwere zvinotapukira dzinoreva zvikamu zvitatu zvinoratidzwa mugirafu riri pamusoro sezvo denda riripo. Girafu racho rinoratidza huwandu hwevanhu vakabatwa nechirwere nemakwiriro ehuwandu ihwohwo anofambirana nenguva.

(a) Chikamu chekutanga chinoitika pakutanga kwegirafu.  Kana munhu akashandisa kupararira kwechirwere cheCovid-19 semuenzaniso, izvi zvaizoratidza kutanga kwekupararira kwechirwere, apo kwaingova nevanhu vashoma vakange vabatwa nechirwere.

(b) Chikamu chechipiri pagirafu chinoratidzira "chikamu chekuenderera". [v] Apa ndipo panotarisana nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwevanhu sezvikamu zvitsva zvevanhu zvinotapukirwa .. Ichi chikamu chinoiswa nekuwedzera kukuru kwehuwandu hwevarwere vatsva pazuva, zvichiwedzera kuoma kwekutsvaga vamwe varwere.. Vakuru vazhinji vakapindura nekuvhara zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji mumaguta akakanyanyozara nevanhu vanechirwere uye nekuderedza kutama kwevanhu, maererano neInternational Heath Regulation [vi] .. International Heath Regulations mitemo yakagadzirwa neWorld Health Organisation yekudzivirira, kudzora nerwisa njodzi dzeutano dzveruzhinji dzingapararira pakati penyika dzakawanda. Matanho aya ari pamoyo pemitemo yekusaungana kwevanhu. (achatsanangurwa pamapeji arikuuya). Akarongedzerwa "kubata kumeso kwedenda" nekudzora huwandu hwevarwere vatsva. Pfungwa iyi inoratidzwa mune mifananidzo iri pazasi.

Mufananidzo 2: Kubatisisa curve. [Vii] (INSERT IMAGE)

(c) Chikamu chetatu chechirwere chinoratidza kuti denda ringave rakakurirwa, kana kuti hapana varwere vatsva.

Neruzivo urwu, zvave pachena kuti chirwere chehutachiona hunotapuririka seCovid-19 chinopararira nekukurumidza mukuwanda/kusapatsanurwa nekubatana kwevanhu.  Kusaungana kwevanhu idanho rakakosha pakukanganisa uye ne kukurira zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kugara kure nevamwe

Kugara kure nevamwe itsika yehutano hwevanhu inovavarira vanhu vaneutachiona kuti vasasvike pedyo nevanhu vatano kuti mikana yekutapurirana chirwere chinotapukira uye chinopararira idzike. Izvo zvinosanganisira matanho akakura, sekuvara guta zhinji nenyika uye nekurambidza zviito zvevanhu zvakaita sekuvaudza kuti vanzvenge nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Matanho akakura anowanzoiswa nezviremera zveruzhinji senge hurumende dzenyika.  Muenzaniso wematanho akadai akaonekwa muSouth Africa kubva pakati pehusiku pa 26 Kurume 2020 kusvika pakati pehusiku pa 16 Kubvumbi 2020, uye kwakazowedzerwa mamwe mazuva 14.  Kuvhara kwacho kwakaiswa maererano neChikamu 27 (2) cheDisaster Management Act [viii]; kwakaiswa zvimisikidzwa zvakasiyana, zvinangwa zvekudzikisira kusangana pakati pevanhu.  Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, chikamu 11B chemirairo:

·         Inorambidza vanhu vese kubuda mudzimba dzavo, kunze kwevaya vanoita mabasa anokosha. Uye kufamba kunobvumidzwa kana vanhu vachida kuwana zvinhu nemasevhisi akakosha.

·         Inotendera kuungana kwese kwese kunze kwemariro, (uko kungasapindwa nevanhu vanopfuura makumi mashanu).

·         Inodzivirira kufamba pakati pematunhu.

·         Inodzivirira kufamba pakati pemadhorobha nematunhu matunhu.

·         Inobvumira chete mabhizinesi anopa zvakakosha zvinhu uye mabasa ekushandisa.

·         Inbvumidza zvitoro zvinotengesa zvinhu zvakakosha kushanda kana zvichinge zvichikurudzira kureba kwesquaremita rimwe chete pakati pevatengi uye nekuomerera pahutsanana (sekugeza maoko nezvunhu zvinoshandiswa nezvinobatwa nevanhu) uye tsika dzehutano hweveruzhinji hunodzivirira kutapukira kweCOVID-19.

Mirairo zvakare:

·        Rambidza kufamba kwegungwa nemhepo.

·        Rambidza kutengesa doro nefodya.

·        Dzikisa huwandu hwevanhu vanoshandisa mabhazi, makombi nematireni. [Ix]

Pamusoro pezvo mirau inopa zvakare masimba emunyika nevematunhu kusarudzika kana kuisa vanhu vamwe munzvimbo.  Matanho ekugara oga anovharidzira kufamba kwevanhu vanogona kuvepo pachena kune coronavirus nekuvagarisa munzvimbo inogara vanhu kwenguva yakakodzera.  Matanho ekupatsanura anopatsanura vanhu vane hutachiona neiyo coronavirus kubva kune vanhu vatano.

South Africa - Kusiana kwayakaita nedzimwe nyika

Matanho ese aya ave nechiratidzo mukunonotsa kupararira kwechirwere cheCovid-19, uye South Africa yave semutungamiriri wepasi rose mukurwisa chirwere. [X] South Africa, "haina kutevera curve redenda rinowanzotarisirwa. "  Parizvino, yanzvenga chikamu chechipiri che curve redenda uye hayisati yawana ‘rate’ yekukura kwehuwandu hwevarwere kwakawandisa pazuva.  Panzvimbo pezvo chiyero icho makwesi matsva awonekwa akadzika kubva pamakumi mana neshanu kusvika muzana% mushure mekuvharwa. [Xi] Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kutapurirana kwenharaunda kwakaderera nekudaro pakanga paine kuderera kwehuwandu hwehutachiona hutsva.

Nyika yakaendesa zveVashandi veHutano vakawanda kunotsvaga varwere mudzimba dzevanhu.

PaT.V. musi wa9 Kubvumbi 2020 mutungamiri wenyika, VaCyril Ramaphosa, vakanyora izvi kumatunhu akanyanya kutevedza mitemo yekuvhara:

"Makaremekedza mitemo yekuvhara nyika uye makachengeta zvakanyanya zvirevo.  Magamuchira zvisungo zvakanyanya mukufamba kwenyu uye nerusununguko rwamakange majaira. ”[Xii]

Nyanzvi dzezvirwere zvinotapukira dzakayambira kuti kupararira kweutachiona hutsva kuchiri kugona kuitika.  Kupindira kweHurumende, "kwakanonotsa kutapurirana kwehutachiona, huwandu hwayo huchiri pasi uye takawana imwe nguva." [Xiii] Nechikonzero ichi, zvishoma nezvishoma kudzoreredza kwekuvhara nyika kuchaitwa.

Mhedziso

COVID-19 chirwere chinotapukira chakapararira nekukurumidza pasirese kubvira nyaya dzekutanga dzakataurwa muguta reWuhan mudunhu reHubei kuChina mukupera kwa 2019 Nyanzvi dzekurapa dzekuChina dzakaratidza "mitsara miviri yekurwisa iyi njodzi yehutano hweveruzhinji: (1) kudzora nekudzivirira kwechirwere uye (2) kutsvakwa kwesainzi.  "[Xiv] Masayendisti ekuChina nenyanzvi dzekurapa vakabatsira zvikuru pakuzivikanwa kweiyo koronavirus yekutanga uye hutungamiri hweWorld Health Organisation hwaive hwakakosha mukugadzirisa mhinduro yenyika yechirwere chakatanga kuitika muna2020.

Kufambidzana munharaunda neyemuviri kwakaratidza kuve kukosha mukudzivirira uye kudzora kupararira kwechirwere sezvo humbowo hunobva kuSouth Africa huchiratidza zvakajeka.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention yakayambira kuti, "Zvakakosha kuti ugare uchisangana neshamwari uye nehama dzinogara mumba mako.  Foneranai, taurai pamavhidhiyo kana rambai makabatana muchishandisa social media.  Wese munhu anosangana nenzira dzakasiyana kune zvinonetsa zvinhu uye kusangana neruzhinji kubva pane munhu waunoda zvinogona kuoma. ”[Xv] Kushushikana uku kunowedzerwa pachena nekutya, kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana kwakabatana nedenda repasi rose.  Nyanzvi dzekurapa dzinokurudzira kuti kuve nehanya kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kuti kuderedze kukanganisa kwepfungwa kwekusagadzikana munharaunda.

References

[i] World Health Organization. Global Influenza Programme. Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response. Available at: https://www.who.int/influenza/resources/documents/pandemic_guidance_04_2009/en

[ii] Centers for Disease Control. Keep your distance to slow the spread. Available at:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html

[iii] Pearce Katir. What is social distancing and how can it dliw the spread of COVID-19? 13 March 2020. The Hub. Johns Hopkins University. https://hub.jhu.edu/2020/03/13/what-is-social-distancing. Accessed on 12 April 2020

[iv] Graphic accessed at: https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable. Accessed on 10 April 2020.

[v] Wiles S. The three phases of Covid-19 and how we can make it manageable. TheSpinoff. Available at:

https://thespinoff.co.nz/society/09-03-2020/the-three-phases-of-covid-19-and-how-we-can-make-it-manageable. Accessed on 10 April 2020

[vi] See: https://www.who.int/ihr/publications/9789241580496/en

[vii] Image accessed at https://www.m.greatandhra.com on 11 April 2020

[viii] Republic of South Africa. Disaster Management Act 57 of 2002. Available at: https://www.gov.za/documents/disaster-management-act

[ix] Republic of South Africa. Government Gazette No. 11062. 25 March 2020. Available at:

https://www.greengazette.co.za/documents/regulation-gazette-4138-of-25-march-2020-vol-657-no-11062_20200325_GGR-43148

[x] Hollington M and Bennet M. South Africa's world-class fight against COVID-19:The data tells the story. Coronavirus Op-Ed. Daily Maverick. Available at :https://www.eailymaverick.co.za/article/20020

[xi] National Department of Health. Press release, 15 April 2020. Available st:

https://sacoronavirus.co.za/category/press-releases-and-notices. Accessed on 16 April 2020

[xii] South African Government. President Cyril Ramaphosa: Extension of Coronavirus COVID-19 lockdown to the end of April. Available at:

https://www.gov.za/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-extension-coronavirus-covid-19-lockdown-end-april-9-apr-2020-0000. Accessed on 16 April 2020

[xiii] Professor S. Karim. South Africa's Covid-19 epidemic: Trends and next steps. Presentation by the Chairperson of the Ministerial Advisory Group on Covid-19 prepared

for the Minister of Health , Dr. Zweli Mkhize. Available at: https://sacaronavirus.co.za/2020/04/13/sas-covid-19-epidemic-trends-next-steps/. Accessed on 15 April 2020.

[xiv] Wang Jian-Wei, Cao Bin and Wang Chen. Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease. China Medical Journal: 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) collection. Available at: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/2337/. Accessed on 11 April 2020.

[xv] Centers for Disease Control. Keep your distance to slow the spread. Available at:

https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/social-distancing.html. Accessed on 16 April 2020.