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Chirwere chinogara mumhepo

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Chirwere chemumhepo chirwere chose chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunogona hunotakurwa kuburikidza nemhepo kwenguva refu uye kwechinhambwe chiri pazvidimbu zvidiki.[1] Zvirwere zverudzi urwu zvinoonekwa zvakakosha mumishonga yevanhu uye mishonga yemhuka. Ma pathogens anogona kuva hutachiona, bhakitiriya, kana fungus, zvinogona kupararira kubudikidza nekufema, kutaura, kukosora, kuhetsura, kusimudza guruva, kupfapfaidza, kugoja chimbudzi kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinoburitsa aerosol kana madonhwe. Kazhinji, hutachiona hwemumhepo hwepathogens kana allergens hunokonzera kuzvimba mukati memhino, huro, mhombwe, uye mapapu, zvinozokonzera kukosora kunozarira, kurwadza kwehuro, uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kukanganisa kunyange muviri wese. Zvirwere zvakawanda zvakajairika zvinonzi zvirwere zvemumhepo, zvinosanganisira asi zvisiri izvo chete: coronavirus, gwirikwiti, morbillivirus, hwutachiona hwechickenpox;[2] Mycobacterium tuberculosis, hutachiona hwefuruwenza, enterovirus, norovirus, uye zvishoma zvisina kujairika, adenovirus pamwe nehutachiona pamwe werespiratory syncytial.[3] Rudzi urwu rwehutachiona kazhinji rwunoda independent ventilation panguva yekurapwa.

Kuongorora

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Zvirwere zvemumhepo zvinokonzerwa nekutapurirana hutachiona hunotakurwa kuburikidza nemhepo. Zvinogona kunge hutachiona huchibva mumvura dzemuviri wemhuka ine hutachiona kana munhu, kana tsvina dzomuviri kana marara. Hutachiona hunokonzeresa chirwere hunozivikanwawo senge pathogens. Hunogona kupararira nemu oerosols, guruva kana zvinwiwa, izvo zvinogona kugara mumhepo kwenguva yakareba zvichipararira kwechinhambo. Semuenzaniso, kuhetsura kunogona kuti hutachiona hupararire kuzadza bhazi nourefu hwaro.[4] Kufema hutachiona hwemumhepo kunowanzo konzera kuzvimba uye kukanganisa maitiro emunhu ekufema. Zvirwere zvemumhepo zvinofambiswa nevanhu hazvisanganise mamiriro anokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo, asi mhepo yakasviba inowedzerawo zvakanyanya kune zvimwe zvirwere zvisiri zvemumhepo zvinosanganisira chirwere cheasthma. Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunonzi kunowedzera kushanda kwemapapu nekuwedzera kukura kwenzira dzinofamba nadzo mweya wokufema. [5] Zvirwere zvemumhepo zvinokanganisawo mhuka. Semuenzaniso, chirwere cheNewcastle chirwere chinonzi chinobata mhando dzakawanda dzeshiri dzinochengetwa pasi rese dzichitapurirana kuburikidza nemhepo yasvibiswa.[6]

Kupararira

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Hutachiona hunopararira kana vanhu vane hutano vakafema mhepo ine hutachiona hweaerosols, kana iyo aerosols ikaenda paziso,pamuromo kana pamhino. Munhu anex hutano haafanire kutarisana kumeso kana kuve mukamuri rimwe chete nemunhu ane hutachiona kuti atapukirwe. Kupisa uye unyoro zvese zviri zviviri meteorological (outdoor) uye human (indoor) zvinobatsiridza mukutapurirana kwezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemumhepo. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kupararira kwemadonhwe imhepo, mvura inonaya uye hunhu hwevanhu pamwe nehutsanana.

  • Mushure memamiriro ekunze akasarudzika, huwandu hwemhepo inokonzerwa nemhepo yefungal spores hunoderera; mushure memazuva mashoma panoonekwa kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwenhamba yema spores, ichienzaniswa neyakajairika.[7]
  • Socioeconomics inowedzerawo zvishoma mukutapurirana zvirwere zvemumhepo. Mumaguta, kupararira kwechirwere chinofambiswa nemhepo kuri kukurumidza kupfuura munzvimbo dzekumaruwa panekunze kwemadhorobha. Nzvimbo dzekumaruwa dzinowanzo ita mhepo yakakura yakasimba inoparadzira hutachiona.[8]
  • Kuva pedo nemvura zhinji senge nzizi nemadziva zvinogona kukonzera kunyuka nekupararira kwechirwere chinofamba nemumhepo.[9]
  • Kusagadzirwa zvakanaka kwema air conditioner kwaita kuti kuve nekunyuka nekupararira kweLegionella pneumophila.[10]
  • Zvirwere zvemumhepo zvinowanikwa muzvipatara zvinofambidzana nekushaikwa kwezvinodiwa panzira dzokurapa.

Kudzivirira

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Dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira zvirwere zvinofamba nemumhepo dzinosanganisira disease- specific immunization senge ma vaccines, kupfeka chifukidzo chechiso uye kusava nemunhu anodaro aine hutachiona.[11] Kuva pedo nemunhu kana mhuka ine chirwere chinofamba nemumhepo hazvirevi kuti unobva wabatawo chirwere, sezvo hutachiona huchienderana nekusimba kwe immune system yemunhu uye huwandu hweutachiona zvatapukira.[12] Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kushandiswa kudzivisa zvirwere zvinotapukira zvichifamba nemumhepo, senge denda repneumonic.[13] Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvehutano hweveruzhinji dzinokurudzira kuchengetedza hutsanana uye kuchengetedza chinhanho kubva pane mumwe (also known as social distancing) kuri kuderedza kutapurirana hutachiona hunofamba nemumhepo.[14] Hazvigoneki kuderedza mukana wekutapukirwa nechirwere chemumhepo, asi usingadziviriri kutapukirwa. Kudzikisa mikana yekutapukirwa:

  • Regedza kuvapedo nevanhu vane hutachiona.
  • Pfeka maski kana uchipinda munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji.
  • Vhara muromo wako kana uchikosora kana kuhetsura.
  • Geza maoko ako zvakakwana kwemasekondi makumi maviri kazhinji sezvaungagona.

Regedza kubata kumeso kwako kana vamwe vanhu nemaoko asina kugezwa. [15]

Resources

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  1. ↑ Siegel JD, Rhinehart E, Jackson M, Chiarello L, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. "2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings" (PDF). CDC. p. 19. Retrieved 7 February 2019. Airborne transmission occurs by dissemination of either airborne droplet nuclei or small particles in the respirable size range containing infectious agents that remain infective over time and distance.
  2. ↑ Pica N, Bouvier NM (2012). "Environmental Factors Affecting the Transmission of Respiratory Viruses". Curr Opin Virol. 2 (1): 90–5. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.12.003. PMC 3311988. PMID 22440971.
  3. ↑ 497–507. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.177. doi:10.1017/s0953756204001777. PMID 15912938
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20200704015526/https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/ct-xpm-2014-04-19-ct-sneeze-germs-edit-20140419-/ story.html
  5. ↑ "Airborne diseases". Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2013
  6. ↑ Mitchell, Bailey W.; King, Daniel J. (October–December 1994). "Effect of Negative Air Ionization on Airborne Transmission of Newcastle Disease Virus". Avian Diseases. 38 (4): 725–732. doi:10.2307/1592107. JSTOR 1592107.
  7. ↑ 497–507. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.487.177. doi:10.1017/s0953756204001777. PMID 15912938
  8. ↑ Peternel R, Culig J, Hrga I (2004). "Atmospheric concentrations of Cladosporium spp. and Alternaria spp. spores in Zagreb (Croatia) and effects of some meteorological factors". Ann Agric Environ Med. 11 (2): 303–7. PMID 15627341.
  9. ↑ "Legionnaire disease". Retrieved 12 April 2015
  10. ↑ Laura Ester Ziady; Nico Small (2006). Prevent and Control Infection: Application Made Easy. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9780702167904. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  11. ↑ Laura Ester Ziady; Nico Small (2006). Prevent and Control Infection: Application Made Easy. Juta and Company Ltd. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9780702167904. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  12. ↑ Ibid
  13. ↑ "Redirect - Vaccines: VPD-VAC/VPD menu page". 7 February 2019
  14. ↑ Glass RJ, Glass LM, Beyeler WE, Min HJ (November 2006). "Targeted social distancing design for pandemic influenza". Emerging Infect. Dis. 12 (11): 1671–81. doi:10.3201/eid1211.060255. PMC 3372334. PMID 17283616.
  15. ↑ Pietrangelo Ann. What Are Airborne Diseases? Healthline 19 March 2020. https://www.healthline.com/health/airborne-diseases. Accessed on 13 April 2020
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