Huwandu
Zvidzidzo zwehuwandu (arithmetic) zvidzidzo zveMasvomhu zvinoongorora nezve maverengerwo nokuwanda kwezvinhu. Vanhu tese tinoshandisa ruzivo rwehuwandu mumabasa ese kubva mukuverenga zvinhu kusvikira kumabasa akaita sekuvaka nekutengeserana zvinhu.
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[chinja] Huwandu mukushaiwa/mukudzokera shure nehuwandu mukuwana/mukuenderera mberi
Huwandu hwechinhu hunoitikira mukuwana kana mukushaiwa.
Huwandu hwechinhu hunoitikawo mukuenderera kumashure kana kumberi.
Kana pasina chinhu, pane 0, uye hapana huwandu mukuwana/kuenderera kumashure kana mukushaiwa/kuenderera kumberi.
Muenzaniso:
-a: huwandu hunoita a mukudzokera kumashure, apo chiperengo a chakamirira chiperengo chohuwandu.
+a: huwandu hunoita a mukuenderera mberi, apo chiperengo a chakamirira chiperengo chohuwandu.
-4: huwandu huna mukushaiwa kana kuti mukuenderera kumashure.
+6: huwandu hutanhatu mukuwana kana kuti mukuenderera kumberi
Tichazoda kutsvaka mashoko anomirira + na - kana zvichishandiswa sezvataugwa pamusoro apo.
[chinja] Zvingaitwa kuzviperengo zvehuwandu
[chinja] Kubwerengedza/kuwedzera (+)
10 + 5 = 15: Kubwerengedza zvinhu gumi nezvinhu zvishanu zvinotipa zvinhu gumi nezvishanu
Mashandisigo echiperengo, + pano apa zvasiyana nemashandisigo achaitwa muchikamu chiri pamusoro apo. Pano apa + chinonzi chibwerengedzo kana kuti chiwedzero (Tinogona kuchipawo zita rokuti chidzero tichirangarirawo Bernard Chidzero uyo munyori wegwaro renyaya rokutanga muChiVanhu rinonzi "Chinzvengamutsvairo").
[chinja] Kubvisa (-)
a - b zvinoreva kuti huwandu hunosara pakubvisa zvinhu b kubva muzvinhu a.
Muenzaniso;
6 - 4 = 2: zviviri ndihwo huwandu hunosara mukubvisa zvhinhu zvina kubva muzvitanhatu
Pane hukama pakati pekubwerengedza nekubvisa. Kubvisa kwakafanana nekubwerengedza zvauinazvo nezvawakakwereta uchirangarira kuti zvawakakwereta zvinoita kuti zvauinazvo zvive zvishoma nehuwandu hwezvikwereti.
[chinja] Kutsinhanisa (x)
a x b kana kuti ab zvinoreva kuti tsinhanisa zvinhu a nezvhinhu b, izvowo zvichirevawo kuti tsvaga huwandu hunobuda pakuti chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu a chinobereka zvinhu b .
Muenzaniso:
3 X 4 = 12: Zvinhu gumi nezviviri huwandu hunobuda pakutsinhanisa zvinhu zvitatu nezvinhu zvina kana kuti zvinhu gumi nezviviri zvinobuda pakuti chimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvitatu chibereke zvinhu zvina.
[chinja] Kukamura kana kuti kugovanisa (/)
a/b zvinoreva kuti Huwandu hunodiwa nechimwe nechimwe chezvinhu zvinosvika b pakugovanisa zvinhu a zvakaenzanirana.
Muenzaniso:
12/3 = 4: Huwandu hunodiwa nechimwe nechimwe chezvitatu kubva mukugovanisa zvinhu gumi nezviviri zvinhu zvina.
Pane hukama pakati pekutsinhanisa nekugovanisa. Kugovanisa zvakafanana nekutsinhanisa nezvidimbu.
[chinja] Zviperengo zvezvidimbu-dimbu
Chinhu chakakwana, kana kuti chakazara, chinogona kukamugwa-kamugwa, kana kuti kugugwa-gugwa (kugurwa-gurwa), kuti chiite zvidimbu zvidimbu zvine huwandu hunoverengeka. Masvomhu ezvidimbu-dimbu anokosha nokuti zvinhu zvizhinji zvatinogura-gura, kana kukamura-kamura, muupenyu hwedu. Mari yatinohora kumabasa nokutengesa zvese zvatinoda mukurarama inoitwa zvidimbu-zvidimbu kuti tigone kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Uyewo nyanzvi dzinovaka dzimba, mizinda uye mazambuko nokugadzira zvinhu dzinoera hurebu uye huremu dzozodazve kudimbura-dimbura hurebu nehuremu hwezvikamu zvadzinoshandisa mukuvaka kana mukugadzira zvinhu. Nokudaro Masvomhu ezvidimbu-zvidimbu anokosha chaizvo.
[chinja] Mashoko emwero wehuwandu
Zvinyanye (Extrema) - iri shoko rinodudzira panogumira hukuru uye huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti mvura inowanikwa pakati pezvinyanye zve 0-100o Celsius. Zvinyanye izita rapiwa richitora pakutaura kwemazuva ose patinoti "zvanyanya, zvanyanyisa kana kuti zvakanyanya - kuChirungu vachiti extreme or extremely". Kana totarisa humwe hweZvinyanye tinoti chinyanye (extremum, singular)
Nharire (Maximum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira hukuru hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti muZimbabwe motokari dzinotenderwa nharire yemuchacha we 120 km/hr pamigwagwa mikuru. Mukutaura kwemazuva ose nharire inzvimbo yakakwirira, paive nemunhu airinda nyika yaShe achitarira kuti kune vavengi vanouya here.
Nhika (Minimum) - iri izita rapiwa kududzira panogumira huduku hwemupimo uri kutaurwa nezvawo. Sokuti hurumende inoronga kutara mari inotambiriswa vashandi ive panhika ye$150 pamwedzi. Pakutaura kwemazuva ose nhika inzvimbo iri pakadzika tichifananidza nenhraunda yenzvimbo iyoyo.
Chipakati (Average) - iri izita rapiwa kudzudzira nhamba inowanikwa kana nhamba dziripo dzahwerengedzwa, dzichizogovaniswa nehuwandu hwenhamba dziripo. Sokuti vana vanopedza Chikoro ChePrimary vaine katikati yemakore 13 ekuberekwa.
Chiwanza (Mode) - iri zita rapiwa kududzira nhamba inoonekwa zvizhinji paboka renhamba dziri kutaurwa nezvadzo. Sokuti kana tiine boka (set) renhamba dzinotevera: 3,4,6,7,8,9,10,4,11,2,1,4; tinennge toti nhamba 4 ndiwo chiwanza
Hukuru (Magnitude) - iri izwi rinotaura kukura kwakaita nhamba zvisinei kuti ine vara (-) kana (=) pamberi payo. Sokuti -50 ine hukuru hwakaenzana ne +50, nyangwe zvavo nhamba mbiri idzi dzakasiyana pahuwandu hwadzo. +50 yakawanda pane -50.
