Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Translation task force/RTT/Simple pregnancy
{Infobox disease | Name = Nhumbu | Image = PregnantWoman.jpg| Caption = Mukadzi ane nhumbu | Field = Obstetrics | DiseasesDB = 10545 | ICD10 = Z33 | ICD9 = 650 | MedlinePlus =002398 | eMedicineSubj =article | eMedicineTopic =259724 | MeshID =D011247 }} Nhumbu, iyo nonziwo pamuviri kana kuzvitakura, ndiyo nguva yekuti mwana kana vana vanenge vachikura mukati memukadzi.[1] Nhumbu inozvarwa vana vakawanda ndeiya yevana vanodarika mumwe chete sezvakaita mapatya.[2] Nhumbu inokonzerwa bonde kana nzira dzinoita kuti zai risangane nembeu. Inowanzotora nguva inoita mavhiki 40 (10 mwedzi yemudenga) kubvira panguva inopedzisira kuendwa kumwedzi (LMP) uye inopera nekuzvara mwana.[1][3] Iyi inguva inoda kuita mavhiki 38 pashure pekunamba. An embryo is the developing offspring during the first 8 weeks following conception after which the term fetus is used until birth.[3] Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvenhumbu zvinogona kusanganisira kusaenda kumwedzi, kurwadza kwemazamu, kunzwa kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, nzara, uye kuita weti kakawanda.[4] Zvinogona kunyatsozivikanwa kuti inhumbu kana pakaitwa ongororo yekuona kana iri nhumbu.[5]
Nhumbu ine matanho matatu. Danho rekutanga rinobvira pavhiki rimwe chete kusvika kumavhiki gumi nemaviri uye rinosanganisira nguva yekunamba. Kunamba kunoteverwa nezai rinenge rasangana nembeu rifambe richidzika nemuchubhu inotakura mazai robva ranonamira muchibereko marinotanga kuva mwana ari mudumbu uye rukuvhute.[1] Danho iri rekutanga ndiro rine mikana yakawedzerwa yekupfupfudzika (kufa kunoerekana kwaita vana vari mudumbu).[6] Danho rechipiri rinobvira pamavhiki 13 kusvika 28. Nechepakati pedanho rechipiri mwana ari mudumbu anogona kutanga kunzwika kupfakanyika. Pamavhiki 28, vanodarika 90% yevana vanogona kurarama vari kunze kwechibereko ndokunge vari kutarisirwa zvemhando yepamusoro nevanoita zvekurapa. Danho rechitatu rinobvira pamavhiki 29 kusvika ku40.[1]
Kugaroongororwa kwamai vane nhumbu kunowedzera mikana yekuzvarwa zvakanaka kwemwana.[7] Izvi zvinosanganisira kuwedzera kutora mushonga wefolic acid, kusaita zvemadhiragi uye zvedoro, kugara mai vachiekisesaiza, kuongororwa ropa, uye kugara vachiongororwa nachiremba.[7] Matambudziko anokonzerwa nenhumbu anogona kusanganisira kukwira BP kwemukadzi ane nhumbu, chirwere cheshuga chemukadzi ane nhumbu, kushomeka kweropa zvichikonzerwa nekushomeka kweiron mumuviri, uye kunzwa kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa kwakanyanyisa nezvimwewo.[8] Nhumbu inotora nguva inoita mavhiki 37 kusvika ku41, nepo kana yakurumidza inotora mavhiki 37 kana 38, uye kana yatora nguva yayo yakazara inoita mavhiki 39 kana 40, asi kana yanonoka inotora mavhiki 41. Kana yadarika mavhiki 41 inonzi yadarikidza nguva. Vana vanoberekwa mavhiki 37 asati akwana vanonzi magavamwedzi uye vanenge vari pangozi yakanyanya yekuva nematambudziko akaita sechirwere checerebral palsy.[1] Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kuzvara kusakurumidziswe zvimwe pachishandiswa nzira dzekukurumidzisa kuzvara kana oparesheni inonzi caesarean section mavhiki 39 asati akwana, kutoti kana zviri kuitirwa zvimwe zvikonzero zvine chekuita nekurapiwa.[9]
Nhumbu dzinokwana 213 miriyoni dzakaitwa muna 2012 uye 190 miriyoni dzacho dzaiva munyika dzichiri kubudirira ne23 miriyoni dziri dzemunyika dzakabudirira. Izvi zvinoreva nhumbu 133 pavakadzi 1 000 vega vega vari pazera remakore ari pakati pe15 ne44.[10] 10% kusvika 15% yenhumbu dzinenge dzazivikanwa kuti dziripo inoguma nekupfupfudzika.[6] Muna 2013 matambudziko anokonzerwa nenhumbu akaparira nzufu dzinokwana 293 000 zvichienzaniswa neuwandu hwakanyanya hwe377 000 hwemuna 1990. Zvinonyanya kuparira izvi zvinosanganisira kubuda ropa kwamai, matambudziko ekubvisa nhumbu, kukwira BP kwemukadzi ane nhumbu, kupinda kweutachiona munzira yabuda nemwana, uye kuvharidzirwa kwenzira inobuda nemwana.[11] Pasi rose, 40% yenhumbu inhumbu dzetsaona. Hafu yenhumbu dzetsaona inobviswa.[10] Panhumbu dzetsaona muUnited States, 60% yevakadzi yaishandisa nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo nhumbu nzira dzekudzivirira nadzo nhumbu mumwedzi wavakabata nhumbu.[12]
Kunowanika mamwe mashoko
[chinjirudza mabviro]- 1 2 3 4 5 "Pregnancy: Condition Information". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 2013-12-19. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ↑ Wylie, Linda (2005). Essential anatomy and physiology in maternity care (Second Edition ed.). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 172. ISBN 9780443100413.
- 1 2 Abman, Steven H. (2011). Fetal and neonatal physiology (4th ed. ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9781416034797.
- ↑ "What are some common signs of pregnancy?". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 07/12/2013. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ↑ "How do I know if I’m pregnant?". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 2012-11-30. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- 1 2 The Johns Hopkins Manual of Gynecology and Obstetrics (4 ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2012. p. 438. ISBN 9781451148015.
- 1 2 "What is prenatal care and why is it important?". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 07/12/2013. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ↑ "What are some common complications of pregnancy?". http://www.nichd.nih.gov/. 07/12/2013. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ↑ World Health Organization (November 2014). "Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363". who.int. Retrieved 6 Mar 2015.
- 1 2 Sedgh, G; Singh, S; Hussain, R (September 2014). "Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends.". Studies in family planning 45 (3): 301–14. PMID 25207494.
- ↑ GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). "Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.". Lancet. PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2.
- ↑ K. Joseph Hurt, Matthew W. Guile, Jessica L. Bienstock, Harold E. Fox, Edward E. Wallach (eds.). The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health / Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 382. ISBN 9781605474335.