Rurindi
RurindiTemplate:Infobox medical condition (new) Rurindi (MTB, TB) ichi chirwere chinotapuriranwa chinokonzerwa nebhakiteriya rinonzi Mycobacterium tuberculosis.[1] Rurindi rwunowanzokanganisa mapapu, asi rwunogonawo kukanganisa dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Kakawanda hapana zviratidzo zvekutapurirwa chirwere ichi, icho chinozivikanwa nekuti rurindi rusina zvarwuri kuita mumuviri. Kutapurirwa kunoda kuita 10% kwechirwere ichi kunozochinja zvishoma nezvishoma kuchiva chirwere chine zvachiri kuita mumuviri, icho chinoti kana chikasarapwa, chinouraya vanoda kukwana hafu yevese vanacho. Zviratidzo zvinonyanyozivikanwa zvechirwere cheTB chine zvachiri kuita mumuviri zvinoti kukosora kusingaperi kunobudisa gararwa rine turopa, fivha, kudikitira usiku, uye kuderera kweuremu.[1] Kuderera kweuremu uku ndiko kwakaiita kuti chirwere ichi chinzi "kudya" munguva dzekare.[2] Utachiona hwechirwere ichi hune zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana kana hwaenda padzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.[3]
Rurindi runoparadzirwa nemumhepo vanhu vane TB ine zvairi kuita mumapapu pavanokosora, kusvipa, kutaura, kana kuhetsura.[1][4] Vanhu vane TB isina zvairi kuita mumuviri havaparadziri chirwere chacho. Kutapurirana kweutachiona hune zvahuri kuita mumuviri kunoitika kakawanda muvanhu vane HIV/AIDS nevaya vanoputa.[1] Kuti munhu anzi ane chirwere cheTB chine zvachiri kuita mumuviri, zvinenge zvaonekwa paanotorwa X-ray yepachipfuva, uye pakuongororwa pachishandiswa maikorosikopu uye kuongororwa mvura dzemumuviri dzinenge dzachengetedzwa. Kuonekwa kweTB isina zvairi kuita mumuviri kunotsamira pa ongororo yerurindi inoitwa paganda (TST) kana kuti ongororo dzeropa.[5]
Kudzivirira TB kunosanganisira kuchengetedza vaya vane mikana yakakura yekutapurirwa vari kwavo vega, kukukurumidza kutariswa uye kurapwa, uye kufanodzivirira nemishonga pachishandiswa mushonga unonzi bacillus Calmette-Guérin.[6][7][8] Vari pangozi yakakura yekutapurwa chirwere vanosanganisira vemumba, vekubasa, uye vaya vanowadzana nevanhu vane TB ine zvairi kuita mumuviri.[8] Panodiwa mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inouraya utachiona uye ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba.[1] Dambudziko riri kuramba richiwedzera ndiro rekuramba kurapika nemishonga zvichiguma nekuwedzera kwerurindi runoramba kurapiwa nemishonga inoshanda yakawanda (MDR-TB).[1]
Chikamu chimwe chete pazvitatu chevagari vepasi rese chinofungidzirwa kuti chine TB.[1] Pagore rega rega vanhu vanokwana 1% vanobatwa nechirwere ichi.[9] Muna 2014, pakava nemamiriyoni 9.6 ane TB ine zvairi kuita mumuviri izvo zvakazoguma nekufa kwemamiriyoni 1.5. Nzufu dzinodarika 95% dzakaitika munyika dzichiri kubudirira. Nhamba yevanobatwa nechirwere ichi gore negore yakaderera kubvira muna 2000.[1] Vanhu vanoda kuita 80% yevagari vemunyika dzakawanda dzemuAsia nemuAfrica, ne5–10% yevagari vemuUnited States vakaongororwa ganda ravo vakaonekwa vaine chirwere ichi.[10] TB yave ichiwanika muvanhu kubvira nguva dzekare kare.[11]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 "Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104". WHO. October 2015. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ The Chambers Dictionary. New Delhi: Allied Chambers India Ltd. 1998. p. 352. ISBN 978-81-86062-25-8.
- ↑ Dolin, [edited by] Gerald L. Mandell, John E. Bennett, Raphael (2010). Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. pp. Chapter 250. ISBN 978-0-443-06839-3.
- ↑ "Basic TB Facts". CDC. March 13, 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2016.
- ↑ Konstantinos A (2010). "Testing for tuberculosis". Australian Prescriber. 33 (1): 12–18.
- ↑ Hawn, TR; Day, TA; Scriba, TJ; Hatherill, M; Hanekom, WA; Evans, TG; Churchyard, GJ; Kublin, JG; Bekker, LG; Self, SG (December 2014). "Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection". Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR. 78 (4): 650–71. PMID 25428938
- ↑ Harris, Randall E. (2013). Epidemiology of chronic disease : global perspectives. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 682. ISBN 9780763780470.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Organization, World Health (2008). Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy : a handbook for national TB control programmes. Geneva: World Health Organization. p. 179. ISBN 9789241546676.
- ↑ "Tuberculosis". World Health Organization. 2002.
- ↑ Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RN (2007). Robbins Basic Pathology (8th ed.). Saunders Elsevier. pp. 516–522. ISBN 978-1-4160-2973-1.
- ↑ Lawn, SD; Zumla, AI (2 July 2011). "Tuberculosis". Lancet. 378 (9785): 57–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3. PMID 21420161.