Kuchinja kwezvinhu munyika nekuda kwe denda re coronavirus muna 2019 na 2020

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Kubva Wikipedia

Kuvhiringika kwenyika kwakakonzerwa ne denda recoronavirus muna 2019 na 2020 kwakonzera mikanganiso yakawanda munharaunda nemumamiriro ekunze.[1] Kuderera kwekufamba kwevanhu [2] kwakonzera kudedera kwemhepo yakasviba munzvimbo dzakawanda. Kuvharwa kwezvinhu nemamwe matano akatorwa muChina akakonzera kuderera kwecarbon emissions ne25 percent.[3] Mumwe mu Earth systems scientist anofunga kuti zviitiko izvi zvakabatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu vanosvika 77,000 pamwedzi miviri yakapfuura.[4] Kuparirana kwechirwere ichi kwakanganisa kuenda mberi kwenyaya dzemunharaunda, nekukonzeresa kumiswa kwemusangano we2020 United Nations Climate Change Conference.[5] Kudonha kwehupfumi hwenyika dzose kwakakonzereswa nekukanganiswa kwenyika dzose kunofungidzirwa kunonotsa mari ichaenda ku green energytechnologies.[6]

Zvakamboitika[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

Kusvikira 2020, huwandu wema greenhouse gases kubvira kutanga kwekuwanda kwema industry kwakakonzeresa kuti kupisa kweNyika dzose kukwire. Izvi zvakakonzeresa kunyungudika kwematombo echando mumagungwa nekuwanda kwemvura irimugungwa.[7][8] Maitiro evanhu akonzeresa kushata kwemunharaunda munzira dzakawanda. Iyi ndiyo anthropogenic impact. Denda reCOVID-19 risati raitika, mutemo wanga uchifanirwa kupiwa kuvashandi vehutano kukaitika denda nderekuvharira vanhu futi nekusasangana kwevanhu.[9] Zvisinei, ma researchers akataura denda reCOVID-19 risati raitika kuti kudzora kwezvinoitika mu economy zvinodzora kupisa kwenyika, kusviba kwemhepo nemvura yemugumgwa, zvichibvumira kuti nharaunda ikure zvishomashoma.[10][11]

Kusvibiswa kwemhepo[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

Kuvhiringwa kwekufamba uye nema industry nekuda kwekutapukira kwe coronavirus, matunhu mazhinji akawana kudonha kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo.[12] Kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunogona kuderedza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye nenjodzi dze COVID-19[13] asi hazvisati zvanyatsooneka kuti ndedzipi mhando dzekusvibisa mhepo (kana paine) dzakajairikwa senjodzi dzinoitika kumamiriro ekunze uye nekuCOVID-19. Iyo Centre ye Research Energy and Clean Air yakataura kuti idzo nzira dzekudzora kutapurira kwe coronavirus, sekuvharirwa mudzimba uye nekurambidzwa kufamba, zvakakonzera kuderedzwa kwe carbon emissions 25 percent ku China.[3][4] Mumwedzi dzekutanga kwekuvharira vanhu, China yakagadzira ma metric tons e carbon dioxide arimashoma ne 200 million kunenguva yakafanana muna 2019 nekuda kwekuderera kwekufambiswa kwendege, kunatsa mafuta, uye nekushandiswa kwemarasha.[4] Mumwe mu Earth systems scientist anokunga zviitiko izvi zvakabatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu hwevanhu 77,000.[4] Nekudaro, Sarah Ladislaw anobva kuCentre for Strategic & International Studies akataura kuti kudzikisira kwema emissions nekuda kwekuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika hakufanirwe kuonekwa sezvakanaka nekuti kuyedza kweChina kudzoka kumitengo yekudara yekukura mukati mehondo dzekutengesa pamwe nekuvhiringidza nzira yekuwana zvinhu mumusika wemagetsi unozowedzera kukanganisa zvinhu munharaunda.[14] Pakati pa 1 January na 11 March 2020, European Space Agency yakaona kuderera kweiyo nitrous oxide mumhepo kubva kumotokari, zvidyiro zvemagetsi, uye nemafekitori mudunhu rePo Valley kuchamhembe kwe Italy. Uku kuderedza kwakaita panguva yekuvharirwa kwevanhu mudzimba mudunhu.[15]

NASA ne ESA vanga vachiona kuti sei Nitrogen dioxide gas yakadzikira zvakanyanya pakutanga kwedenda re COVID-19 kuChina. Kuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakakonzereswa nahutachiona hwakadonhedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwekusvibisa, kunyanya mumaguta akaita seWuhan, China ne 25%.[16][17] NASA inoshandisa inonzi ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) kuongorora ozone layer nezvinosvibisa kunge NO2, aerosols ne zvimwe. Ichi chishandiso chakabatsira NASA kududzira data ranga richiuya nekuti nyika yese yanga yakavharwa.[18]

Migwagwa yemvura nehupenyu hwemumvura[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

Kudiwa kwehove nemitengo yehove kwese kwadzikira nekuda kwedenda,[19] uye zvikepe zvevarauri vehove hazvisi kufamba.[20] Rainer Froese akati kuwanda kwehove kuchawedzera nekuti kubata hove kwaderera zvakanyaya, uye akafungidzira kuti mumvura dzeEurope, dzimwe hove dzakaita se herring dzinogona kuwedzera mbiri dzadzo.[19] Kubva muna April 2020, zviratidzo zvekupora kwehupenyu hurimumvura zvingorinyaya.[21]

Kutsvaga nekusimudzira[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

Kunyangwe carbon emissions dzenyika dzakaderera, International Energy Agency yakataura kuti kushunguridzika kwehupfumi hwenyika kwakakonzereswa nekutapurika kwe coronavirus kunogona kudzivirira kana kunonotsa makambani kuisa mari mu green energy.[6][22][23] Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwenguva yekuvharira vanhu mudzimba dzavo kwakasimbisa mutemo wekushandira kure nebasa.[24][25] Mumhedzisiro wekushandisa ma masks echiso kusina kujairikwa, kwawedzera kuwanda kwavo munharaunda, izvi zvirikuwedzera kumutoro wetsvina ye plastic panyika.[26]

European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) yakatizivisa kuti kudzikiswa kwekufamba kwendege munyika kwakakonzerwa nedenda kunogona kuvhiringidza maMeteorologist kunyatsoziva mamiriro ekunze. Zvinodaro nekuti ndege dzinofambiswa neruzhinji dzinoshandisa Airlines Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) sechinhu chakakosha pakunyatso ziva mamiriro ekunze. ECMWF yakatotaura kuti kushanda kwe AMDAR kuchadonha ne 65% kana kudarika nekuti ndenge dzinoita zvekutengesa dzavashoma.[27]

Zvematongero enyika[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

Musangano we2020 United Nations Climate Change wakamiswa kusvika muna 2021 sepinduro yedenda kumashure kwekuchinjwa kwedzvimbo yavo yesangano kuitwa chipatara. Musangano uyu wanga wakakosha sezvo mazwi angaagadzirira kupa mifungo yavo kunyaya ye Paris Agreement, nechinangwa. Futi denda iri rinomisa kugona kupa mifungo dzemazwi,sezvo ivo varikutarisisa iro denda.[5] Time Magazina yakanyora kuti chishuwo cheku "tangidza" hupfumi hwenyika huchakonzeresa kukwira zvakanyanya kwema greenhouse gas. Nekudaro Executive Director we Energy Agency akataura kuti kudonha kwemitengo yemafuta panguva ye coronavirus kunogona kurimukana wakanaka kubvisa mari irimuma fossil fuel.[28]

Rebound effect irikutarisirwa[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

"Kutangazve" kwema industry anogadzira greenhouse-gas uye nenzira dzekufamba kwevanhu mushure mekuvharirwa kwevanhu mudzimba mu COVID-19 kwakange kuchiratidzwa sechiitiko chaizobatsira kuwedzera greenhouse gas pane kuideredza.[29][30][31]

External links[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

·         United Nations: Six Nature Facts Related to Coronaviruses

References[chinjirudza | chinjirudza mabviro]

  1. ↑ "Earth Observatory". Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  2. ↑ Team, The Visual and Data Journalism (28 March 2020). "Coronavirus: A visual guide to the pandemic". BBC News. Archived from the original on 27 March 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Myllyvirta, Lauri (19 February 2020). "Analysis: Coronavirus has temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". CarbonBrief. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 McMahon, Jeff (16 March 2020). "Study: Coronavirus Lockdown Likely Saved 77,000 Lives In China Just By Reducing Pollution". Forbes. Archived from the original on 17 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  5. ↑ "Cop26 climate talks postponed to 2021 amid coronavirus pandemic". Climate Home News. 1 April 2020. Archivedfrom the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Newburger, Emma (13 March 2020). "Coronavirus could weaken climate change action and hit clean energy investment, researchers warn". CNBC. Archived from the original on 15 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  7. ↑ "Is sea level rising?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2020-02-18. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  8. ↑ "Climate Change". National Geographic Society. 2019-03-28. Archived from the original on 2019-12-31. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  9. ↑ Madhav, Nita; Oppenheim, Ben; Gallivan, Mark; Mulembakani, Prime; Rubin, Edward; Wolfe, Nathan (2017), Jamison, Dean T.; Gelband, Hellen; Horton, Susan; Jha, Prabhat (eds.), "Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation", Disease Control Priorities: Improving Health and Reducing Poverty (3rd ed.), The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1/pt5.ch17 (inactive 2020-04-13), ISBN 978-1-4648-0527-1, PMID 30212163, archived from the original on 2020-03-23, retrieved 2020-04-06
  10. ↑ Kopnina, Helen; Washington, Haydn; Taylor, Bron; J Piccolo, John (2018-02-01). "Anthropocentrism: More than Just a Misunderstood Problem". Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 31 (1): 109–127. doi:10.1007/s10806-018-9711-1. ISSN 1573-322X.
  11. ↑ Rull, Valentí (2016-09-01). "The humanized Earth system (HES)". The Holocene. 26 (9): 1513–1516. Bibcode:2016Holoc..26.1513R. doi:10.1177/0959683616640053. ISSN 0959-6836.
  12. ↑ Watts, Jonathan; Kommenda, Niko (23 March 2020). "Coronavirus pandemic leading to huge drop in air pollution". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  13. ↑ editor, Damian Carrington Environment (2020-04-07). "Air pollution linked to far higher Covid-19 death rates, study finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2020-04-09. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  14. ↑ "The Global Impacts of the Coronavirus Outbreak". www.csis.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  15. ↑ Green, Matthew (13 March 2020). "Air pollution clears in northern Italy after coronavirus lockdown, satellite shows". Reuters. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
  16. ↑ "Airborne Nitrogen Dioxide Plummets Over China". earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2020-02-28. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  17. ↑ "Analysis: Coronavirus temporarily reduced China's CO2 emissions by a quarter". Carbon Brief. 2020-02-19. Archived from the original on 2020-03-04. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  18. ↑ "NASA Aura OMI". NASA Aura. Archived from the original on 2020-03-03.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 Korten, Tristram (8 April 2020). "With Boats Stuck in Harbor Because of COVID-19, Will Fish Bounce Back?". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  20. ↑ Reiley, Laura (8 April 2020). "Commercial fishing industry in free fall as restaurants close, consumers hunker down and vessels tie up". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  21. ↑ Millan Lombrana, Laura (17 April 2020). "With Fishing Fleets Tied Up, Marine Life Has a Chance to Recover". Bloomberg Green. Retrieved 25 April 2020.
  22. ↑ "Text-Only NPR.org : Climate Change Push Fuels Split On Coronavirus Stimulus". NPR. Archived from the original on 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  23. ↑ "Put clean energy at the heart of stimulus plans to counter the coronavirus crisis—Analysis". IEA. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  24. ↑ "Commentary: Coronavirus may finally force businesses to adopt workplaces of the future". Fortune. Archived from the original on 2020-04-05. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  25. ↑ Yaffe-Bellany, David (26 February 2020). "1,000 Workers, Go Home: Companies Act to Ward Off Coronavirus". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020
  26. ↑ "Discarded coronavirus masks clutter Hong Kong's beaches, trails". Hong Kong (Reuters). Reuters. 12 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 21 March 2020.
  27. ↑ Press release (24 March 2020). "Drop in aircraft observations could have impact on weather forecasts". European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Archived from the original on 26 March 2020. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  28. ↑ "Put clean energy at the heart of stimulus plans to counter the coronavirus crisis – Analysis". International Energy Agency. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
  29. ↑ "The truth about coronavirus, air pollution and our health". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  30. ↑ "Will wildfires keep spreading with climate change?". Environmental Defense Fund. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
  31. ↑ "The epidemic provides a chance to do good by the climate". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-04-21.
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