Khalid ibn al-Walid

Khalid ibn al-Walid (wakafa muna 642 CE), anozivikanwawo nekunzi Sayf Allah al-Maslul (Bakatwa raMwari rakavhomorwa), aive mutungamiri wechiuto ane mukurumbira panguva yekukunda kwechiIslam muzana ramakore rechinomwe. Nekuda kwekugona kwake kuronga hondo uye kusambokundwa muhondo dzinopfuura makumi mashanu, akaita basa guru mukukura kweRashidun Caliphate pasi pevaCaliph Abu Bakr naUmar ibn al-Khattab.

Upenyu hwekutanga uye Kutendeuka

Akaberekerwa mumhuri ine simba yeBanu Makhzum yerudzi rweQuraysh muMecca, Khalid pakutanga aipikisa Muporofita Muhammad. Akabatsira zvikuru mukukunda kweQuraysh paHondo yeUhud (625 CE). Akatendeukira kuchiIslam muna 627 kana 629 CE, uye pashure pacho akashandisa ruzivo rwake rwechiuto kubatsira nyika yechiMuslim yainge ichiri kusimukira.

Basa rechiuto nekukunda

Basa rechiuto raKhalid rinozivikanwa nekugona kwake kuronga hondo dzinofamba nekukurumidza uye kushandisa pfungwa dzekutyisidzira vavengi. Mushure mekufa kwaMuhammad, akatungamira hondo dzeRidda (Wars of Apostasy), akabatanidza zvakare muArabia Peninsula pasi peCaliphate. Kubudirira kwake kukuru kwakaitika panguva yekukunda kweSassanid Persia neByzantine Syria.

Hondo dzinokosha dzinosanganisira:

• Hondo yeFiraz (634 CE): Kukunda kukuru pamberi pemauto akabatana eByzantine neSassanid.
• Hondo yeYarmouk (636 CE): Inotorwa seimwe yehondo dzakanyanya kukosha munhoroondo, apo hutungamiri hwaKhalid hwakakonzera kukundwa kukuru kwemauto eByzantine, zvichipedza hutongi hweByzantine muSyria.

Nhaka neRufu

Khalid anonzi ndiye akatanga mauto emubarizun (varwi vane hunyanzvi) uye kushandiswa kwemauto akatasva mabhiza akareruka kuti apaze pakaperera simba remuvengi. Pasinei nekubudirira kwake, Caliph Umar akazomubvisa pachigaro chemutungamiri kuti vanhu vasanyanya kurumbidza munhu mumwe chete pane kurumbidza Mwari. Khalid akafira muHoms, kuSyria, muna 642 CE.

References

1. Akrām, A. I. (2004). The sword of Allah: Khalid bin al-Waleed, his life and campaigns. Maktabah.
2. Donner, F. M. (2014). The early Islamic conquests. Princeton University Press.
3. Kennedy, H. (2007). The great Arab conquests: How the spread of Islam changed the world we live in. Da Capo Press.
4. Nicolle, D. (1994). Yarmuk 636 AD: The Muslim conquest of Syria. Osprey Publishing.