Tsika yezvinzvimbo zvenhamba

Tsika yekutsveta nhamba muzvinzvimbo (positional numeral system) zvinoreva tsika inoshandiswa pakunyora nhamba kumasvomhu. Tsika iyi inopa vara rimwechete renhamba huhombe hwakasiyana zvienderana nekuti vara iri rakanyorwa pachinzvimbo chipi.

Kujekesa

PaMuravanegumi nhamba dzinonyorwa kuchishandiswa mavara gumi akasiyana anoti: 0, 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. Panotangwa kuverengwa nhamba mavara aya anodanwa akatevedzana saizvozvi. Mushure ma 9 hakuchina rimwe vara rakasiyana. Panhamba inotevera panowedzerwa chimwe chinzvimbo mavara otanga kuchidzokorora. Saka panhamba inotevera 9 panonyorwa pachitsvetwa 1 achiteverwa na 0 kuti pave nenhamba inonzi 10.

Tsika yokutsveta nhamba muzvinzvimbo zvakasiyana tichaidana kuti tsika yezvinzvimbo zvenhamba - positional numeral system. Tsika iyi inopa vara huhombe hwakasiyana zvichienderana nokuti vara ratsvetwa pachinzvimbo chipi. Kana vara 1 ari panzvimbo yokutanga anomirira huwandu hwechinhu chimwe Kana vara 1 ari pachinzvimbo chechipiri anomirira huwandu hwezvinhu gumi, apa nzvimbo yokutanga inenge yakanorwa vara 0. Panokwidzwa nhamba kamwe nzvimbo yokutanga kuruboshwe inoshandurwa kuenda pana 1 kuti nhamba ichiva 11; izvi zvoreva kuti pava negumi nerimwe.

Huhombe wenzvimbo paMuravanegumi

Chinzvimbo choga choga pamuravanegumi chine huhombe hwakasiyana nyangwe vara riri pazvinzvimbo izvi riri rakafanana. Huhombe uhwu hunomirirwa nekuradanuka kwa 10 nepawa rinokura zvichienda kuruboshwe. Somuenzaniso kana nhamba 3523 ichipenengurwa inonyorwa sezvizvi:

$3523=3\times 10^{3}+5\times 10^{2}+2\times 10^{1}+3\times 10^{0}$.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti 3 ari panzvimbo yekutanga kurudyi anomirira huwandu hwechinhu chimwe. Mumwe 3 ari pachinzvimbo chechina kubva kurudyi anomirira huwandu hwezviuru zvitatu.

Nzvimbo dzenhamba idzi dzinopiwa mazita azvo sezvizvi:

• 10⁰ inonzi Zvibodzi, Units or Ones kuEnglish.

• 10¹ inonzi Makumi, Tens ku English.

• 10² inonzi Mazana, Hundreds ku English.

• 10³ inonzi Zviuru, Thousands ku English.

• 10⁴ inonzi Makumi reZviuru, Ten Thousands ku English.

• 10⁵ inonzi Zana reZviuru, Hundred Thousands ku English.

• 10⁶ inonzi Miliyoni, Million ku English.

• 10⁷ inonzi Makumi eMiliyoni, Tens of Millions ku English.

• 10⁸ inonzi Mazana eMiliyoni, Million ku English.

Zvakafanira kuti tinoensane kuti marongerwo akaitwa mapawa agumi pamusoro, kana onyorwa senhamba anenge akarongeka achibva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe. Shoko rokuti zvibodzi rashaniswa kuturikira units rinobva kuchiKorekore; chibodzi rinoreva chimwe (1), pakuwanda konzi zvibodzi.

Tichitarisa chero ipi tsika inoshandisa hwaro -b, tinoona ine mavara ane huwandu b, uye nhamba

$a_{3}a_{2}a_{1}a_{0}=a_{3}\times b^{3}+a_{2}\times b^{2}+a_{1}\times b^{1}+a_{0}\times b^{0}$

(Zvakakosha tionesane kuti $a_{3}a_{2}a_{1}a_{0}$ anomirira kutevedzana pamarongerwo emavara, kwete tsamaniso)